International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 10 | Oct 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Survey on Trends of Touchscreen Solenoid Door Lock System Adithya M Bhat1, Anuchinmayee C2, K J Shreesha3, Priyadarshini K Desai4 1Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BNMIT, Bengaluru, India 2Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BNMIT, Bengaluru, India 3Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BNMIT, Bengaluru, India 4Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, BNMIT , Bengaluru, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------security breaches such as key duplication, loss, and forced Abstract - The increasing demand for robust access
entry, which compromise the safety of both residential and commercial infrastructures. To mitigate these vulnerabilities, smart locks now employ multi-modal authentication approaches that integrate fingerprint, facial, and voice recognition, supplemented by digital PIN verification, as demonstrated by Sridharan and Kumar [2], Kaur and Taneja [3], and Patil and Mehta [6].
control in residential and commercial environments has accelerated the evolution from traditional mechanical locks to smart electronic solutions. This paper presents a comprehensive survey and practical implementation of an ESP32-CAM-based touchscreen solenoid door lock system that integrates multi-modal biometric authentication, PIN entry, video surveillance, and GSM alerting. The proposed system leverages fingerprint, face, and voice recognition, used in conjunction with a virtual keypad, to provide layered security and reduce risks associated with key loss and duplication. Its ESP32-CAM platform enables real-time MJPEG video streaming for local visual verification, while instant alerts via both Wi-Fi and GSM modules ensure continuous remote monitoring and incident notification. Custom firmware, developed in the Arduino IDE, manages multi-channel authentication, user experience, secure storage, and power management routines for energy efficiency. Literature survey highlights a trend toward combining multiple authentication methods, improved scalability, and modularity in embedded smart locks. Results from experimental deployment demonstrate swift authentication, reliable notifications, and considerable power savings thanks to integrated deep sleep operation, making it suitable for real-world, always-on use. Identified challenges relate to environmental dependencies of biometrics, network reliability, and privacy considerations, with future work needed for cloud integration and enhanced AI-driven recognition. Overall, this system serves as an adaptable foundation for secure and intelligent access control in modern smart homes and offices.
The ESP32-CAM microcontroller has emerged as a widely adopted platform in modern smart lock systems due to its built-in camera, Wi-Fi connectivity, and on-board processing capabilities. These features enable real-time video surveillance, remote access control, and automated alert notifications through GSM and email integration, as highlighted by Memon et al. [4], Hiremath and Patil [5], and Pawar and Pawar [9]. Furthermore, these systems facilitate seamless user monitoring and management of access points, thereby enhancing both convenience and security, as observed by Patil and Mehta [6] and Nair and John [7]. Modular architectures also promote interoperability with broader smart home ecosystems, enabling centralized control and automation functionalities, as explored by Raj and Patel [8] and Wang et al. [26]. The global smart door lock market is witnessing substantial growth, estimated at over 3 billion USD in 2025 and projected to approach 10 billion USD by 2032. This growth is driven by the increasing adoption of smart access control solutions across residential and commercial sectors, escalating security concerns, and the proliferation of smart home devices. Product segments such as deadbolt locks and keypad-based systems dominate the market, while innovations such as voice activation and ultrawideband (UWB) communication are improving user experience and security. Leading manufacturers are now integrating advanced biometrics and IoT-based architectures into compact designs supporting multiple connectivity standards, as discussed by Park et al. [25] and Lin et al. [30].
Key words: Smart door lock, ESP32-CAM, biometric authentication, IoT security, GSM alert, PIN entry, video streaming, energy efficiency.
1.INTRODUCTION The growing demand for secure and convenient access control systems has led to significant advancements in smart door lock technologies that leverage biometric authentication and Internet of Things (IoT) capabilities, as reported by Jayasinghe and Vidanapathirana [1], Sridharan and Kumar [2], and Kaur and Taneja [3]. Traditional lock-and-key mechanisms remain prone to
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Despite these technological advancements, several persistent challenges continue to affect system reliability and performance. Environmental sensitivity can reduce
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