caused multiple factories to close down. ❖ Louvre, originally a palace built in 1204, went through numerous tear-downs and rebuilds with no consistency in building design. However, 1989 it was eventually adaptively reused into a museum by I. M. Pei, with a design that respects the urban infrastructure of classic typology - compositional strategy and historical axes to name a few ways - reusing and adapting it into a new pedestrian network.[6]
Rehabilitation The Pennsylvania Historical and Museum Commission opts to define rehabilitation as the “act or process of making possible a compatible use fo a property through repairs, alterations, and additions, while preserving those portions or features which convey its historical, cultural or architectural values.”[5] Retrofitting The City of Melbourne’s definition of retrofitting states it to be more technical and system-oriented. Retrofitting also refers to changes in a building, but these changes are meant to improve energy efficiency, technological aspects, and water efficiency in the building - among other facets of building system design.
PROBLEM STATEMENT The world population is growing constantly, estimates by the World Population Clock to reach 7.8 billion people in 2020, at the growth rate of 1.05%.[6] Riyadh is no exception to the rule apart from residents of the city expanding their families, Riyadh, as a capital city, welcomes opportunity seekers from around the country, and even the world, every day. In light of growing trends, more and more cities are moving towards the skyline, building taller and moving further out from the fringes of their own boundaries. Riyadh’s city limits grow farther away from its city centers every year, welcoming new developments, new construction and new residents. All this occurs, however, at the cost of the old, original centers of Riyadh to decrease in value, in quality of life, and amenities, and municipal attention. In short, these centers are being abandoned, not held to the same standards as the newer parts of the city, and left disused. These volumes of concrete and masses of steel are left, either disused, or to be demolished later. Neither of these outcomes are sustainably viable. There is also the case of environmental and economic misuse; in the case of the environment, the climate, and in light of our collective, ongoing effort towards sustainability.
