International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 10 | Oct 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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SOLAR POWER GENERATION SYSTEM WITH POWER SMOOTHING FUNCTION VIDYA SHREE M1, PRIYANKA S M2 1M. Tech student, Power System Analysis, Dept. of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University BDT Collage of
Engineering, Davangere, Karnataka, India.
2Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, University BDT Collage of Engineering,
Davangere, Karnataka, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------fluctuations in grid voltage and frequency, ultimately Abstract - This paper presents a solar power generation affecting power quality and system stability.
system (SPGS) integrated with an intelligent power smoothing mechanism based on an ANN controller. The proposed system comprises a PV array, a battery storage unit, a boost power converter (BPC), and a dual-input buck-boost DC-AC inverter (DIBBDAI). The ANN controller continuously monitors variations in solar irradiance and dynamically regulates power flow to maintain a stable output, while optimizing the charge-discharge cycles of battery unit. This allows the system to mitigate sudden power fluctuations and maintain steady energy delivery to the grid. The control strategy ensures that the power supplied to the utility is consistent by compensating for rapid changes in solar input through battery intervention. A detailed simulation model is developed in MATLAB/Simulink to evaluate system’s response under different operating scenarios. The simulation outcomes demonstrate that employing ANN-based control leads to noticeable improvements in power quality, minimizes THD, and provides stable dynamic performance. This method strengthens the operational reliability and overall efficiency of solar energy systems when integrated into smart grid networks.
One of the most critical issues in solar PV integration is the smoothing of output power [7]. Power fluctuations resulting from rapid irradiance changes, such as cloud movement or shading, can produce sharp transients that negatively impact the operation of sensitive electrical equipment and stability of the utility grid [8] [9]. To address this, various power smoothing techniques have been explored in literatures. These include curtailment of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) [10], filtering techniques, and integration of storage battery [11]. BESS have emerged as a promising solution for compensating power fluctuations in PV systems [12]. Batteries can rapidly absorb or supply energy based on the variation in solar output, thus serving as dynamic buffers. Their ability to charge and discharge within short time intervals makes them ideal for smoothing both upward and downward transients in power output. Various configurations have been proposed for integrating BESS with PV arrays, primarily classified into AC and DC coupling methods [13]. While AC coupling provides independent control of PV and storage units, it involves a more complex structure with multiple converters. In contrast, DC coupling offers a simpler and more compact architecture, where both the PV array and battery share a common power converter interface [14]. To effectively manage energy flow in such configurations, control strategies play a key role. Proportional-integral (PI) controllers have been employed to regulate power flow, maintain grid compliance, and ensure maximum power extraction through MPPT algorithms [1516]. These controllers are favoured for their simplicity and ease of implementation. However, they exhibit limited performance under nonlinear, time-varying, or unpredictable conditions, as they rely on fixed parameters that do not adapt to changing dynamics in the PV system [17].
Key Words: Solar PV Array, Boost converter, Battery, Grid, Inverter, ANN controller.
1.INTRODUCTION The increasing necessity to address climate change and lessen reliance on fossil fuels has driven a global transition toward the adoption of renewable energy sources. Among several renewable sources, solar photovoltaic (PV) [1-2] systems have gained widespread adoption due to their scalability, declining installation costs, and minimal environmental footprint. As nations aim to meet sustainability targets, the integration of solar energy into existing power systems has increased rapidly, bringing both opportunities and challenges to modern energy infrastructure. Despite their advantages, solar PV systems are inherently intermittent in nature, as their energy output is directly affected by environmental conditions such as solar irradiance, temperature, and weather patterns [3-4]. These variations can cause frequent and unpredictable changes in the output power, which in turn pose operational challenges to grid operators [5] [6]. A high level of PV system integration within power distribution networks can cause
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