International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 10 | Oct 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
OPTIMIZING SWITCHING LOSSES IN THREE LEVEL BUCK CONVERTER USING ZVS METHOD FOR EV CHARGING Mr.A.Marimuthu1 ,M. Kishan Kumar2, S.Siddharth3 , J.Umapathi4 , 1 Associate Professor, Dept. of EEE, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India 2 UG Student ,Dept. of EEE, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India
3 UG Student ,Dept. of EEE, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India
4 UG Student ,Dept. of EEE, K.L.N. College of Engineering, Sivagangai, Tamilnadu, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------between voltage and current during switching transitions. Abstract – The project titled Optimizing Switching Losses in
To minimize this, soft-switching techniques such as Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) and Zero Current Switching (ZCS) are implemented. In this project, ZVS is adopted to achieve turn-on at near-zero voltage by discharging the parasitic capacitance of the MOSFETs. This reduces switching loss, stress, and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed three-level buck converter with ZVS operates in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM), ensuring stable output voltage and current. This configuration enhances converter efficiency, reliability, and thermal performance, making it highly suitable for EV charging applications, where energy efficiency and compact design are critical.
Three-Level Buck Converter Using ZVS Method focuses on improving the efficiency of DC-DC power conversion by minimizing switching losses in buck converter . Conventional two-level converters suffer from higher voltage stress and switching losses, especially at high switching frequencies. To overcome these issues, a three-level buck converter topology is implemented using the Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) technique. By achieving soft switching conditions, the power MOSFETs are turned on and off at near-zero voltage, effectively reducing switching losses and electromagnetic interference (EMI). The proposed converter operates in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM) with improved voltage regulation and reduced thermal stress on switches. Simulation and hardware implementation results validate the performance improvement in terms of efficiency, voltage stress reduction, and smooth transient response. This technique finds practical applications in Electric Vehicle (EV) battery charging systems and other high-efficiency DC power applications.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW / EXISTING SYSTEM In recent years, research in DC–DC converters has focused heavily on improving efficiency and reducing power losses in high-frequency switching applications. Conventional twolevel buck converters are simple in structure but suffer from higher switching losses, voltage stress, and electromagnetic interference (EMI) at elevated frequencies. These limitations make them unsuitable for high-power and high-efficiency applications such as Electric Vehicle (EV) charging and renewable energy conversion.
Key Words: Three-Level Buck Converter, ZVS, Soft Switching, Switching Loss Optimization, EV Charging, CCM, MOSFET, PWM Control 1.INTRODUCTION
Several researchers have explored different topologies and soft-switching techniques to overcome these issues. In [1], a conventional hard-switched buck converter was analyzed, showing that increased switching frequency leads to significant power loss due to overlap between switch voltage and current.
In modern power electronic systems, the demand for high efficiency and compact DC–DC converters is continuously increasing, especially in applications such as Electric Vehicle (EV) chargers, renewable energy systems, and battery management units. Conventional two-level buck converters face significant challenges due to high switching losses and voltage stress on semiconductor devices during highfrequency operation. These losses reduce overall converter efficiency and reliability. To address these issues, multilevel converter topologies have gained attention because they distribute the voltage stress among multiple switches and produce a lower total harmonic distortion (THD) in the output voltage. Among them, the three-level buck converter offers a balance between circuit complexity and performance improvement. It provides reduced device stress, improved voltage quality, and better efficiency compared to traditional designs. However, even with multilevel structures, hardswitching still causes energy dissipation due to overlap
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In [2], the implementation of Zero Voltage Switching (ZVS) in a single-level converter improved efficiency but required additional auxiliary circuits, making the system complex. In [3], three-level converters were introduced to distribute the input voltage across multiple switches, effectively reducing voltage stress and improving output waveform quality. However, these converters still faced partial hardswitching losses during transition intervals. In [4], hybrid ZVS–PWM techniques were proposed, which enabled soft switching at high frequency without compromising voltage regulation, thereby enhancing converter performance and thermal reliability.
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