International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Broad Band Micro strip Patch Antenna DesignA Critical review Amit Das1, Prof. Asish Dubey2 1M.tech,
Deptt.of Electronics & Telecommunication, SRCEM, Gwalior, M.P, INDIA Electronics & Telecommunication, SRCEM, Gwalior, M.P, INDIA
2Deptt.of
----------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------ABSTRACT - Microstrip Patch Antenna (MPA) is generally used in modern communication devices, and a large part of day-to-day communication is done through it. Study of the literature of past few year shows that, the progressing work on MPA is focused on designing compact sized broadband microstrip antenna. But inherently MPA have narrow bandwidth, so to enhance bandwidth various techniques are used. This review paper describes some commonly engaged techniques to fabricate MPA with broader-bandwidth since last few decades. One of the advantages of microstrip patches over conventional antennas is their small size. However, there are many present day applications where even these small radiators are too large. A microstrip antenna incorporated with a single shorting pin is found to provide reduction in overall area with respect to a conventional patch. The compact circular polarized patch antennas can be achieved by slot loading on patch. In this paper the review on various techniques of compactness by Conductive bias, planar meta-material unit cell and slot loading on microstrip antenna are presented which are reported in literature. Keywords: Compact patch, Pin loading, S-shaped impedance matching network with planar metamaterial unit cell, Conductive .
1. Introduction A Microstrip Antenna in its simplest form consists of a radiating patch on one side of dielectric substrate and ground plane on other side. Microstrip Patch Antennas are popular for their well-known attractive feature, such as a low profile, light weight, and compatibility with Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits (MMICs). Modern Communication System, Such as those for satellite links (GPS, Vehicular, etc.), as well as emerging applications, such as Wireless Local Networks (WLAN), offers antennas with compactness and low-cost, thus rendering planar technology useful, and sometimes unavoidable. Conventional microstrip patch antennas has some drawbacks of low efficiency, narrow bandwidth (3-6)% [1,2]of the central frequency, its bandwidth is limited to a few percentage which is not enough for most of the wireless communication system[3]. There are several designs have been
Š 2017, IRJET
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Impact Factor value: 5.181
investigated and reported to decrease the size of antenna [4] and to improve the bandwidth of antenna [5,6]. It has many applications in military, radar systems, mobile communications, global positioning system (GPS), remote sensing etc. In this review paper discuss on various techniques of compactness by pin and slot loading on microstrip antenna. A microstrip antenna incorporated with a single shorting post at proper position and size is found to provide reduction in overall area with respect to a conventional patch antenna. Also, the compact Circular polarized patch antennas can be achieved by slot loading on patch. The load of the slots or slits in the radiating patch can cause meandering of the excited patch surface current paths and result in lowering of the resonant frequency of the antenna, which corresponds to a reduced antenna size and compared to a conventional circularly polarized microstrip antenna at the same operating frequency. The size of the microstrip patch antenna is inversely proportional to the operating frequency of the antenna and the Bandwidth of the microstip patch antenna is directly proportional to the substrate thickness and inversely proportional to the square root of the dielectric constant of the substrate. Mostly low dielectric constant is used because it has a very high water absorption capability. Higher dielectric constants are used in microwave circuits because they require tightly bounds fields to minimize radiation and coupling and lead to smaller element sizes. Practically bandwidth of a Microstrip Patch Antenna is narrow but, today wireless communication systems requires higher operating bandwidth, such as about 7.6% for a global system for mobile communication(GSM;890-960 MHz), 9.5% for a digital communication system(DCS;1710-1880 MHz), 5% for a personal communication system (PCS;1850–1990 MHz)And 12.2% for a universal mobile telecommunication system (UMTS;1920-2170 MHz)
2. The Literature Review The construct of microstrip antenna with conducting patch on a ground plane separated by insulator substrate was undeveloped till the revolution in electronic circuit
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