International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Prediction Based Moving Object Tracking In Wireless Sensor Network Prajakta Joshi1, Akhila Joshi2 Student, Department of Electronics and Telecommunication, Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Mumbai, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1,2
Abstract - In recent years, Wireless sensor network is one of the rapidly growing area. It consists of thousands of tiny sensor nodes distributed in application area. A sensor node has ability of collecting, processing, storing and transferring the sensed data from one node to another. These capabilities make sensor network to be used for many applications like environmental monitoring, intruder detection, object tracking and many more. Due to energy constraint reducing energy consumption is the aspect which has always been under research. Proposed system is designed to track the moving object in a clustered network. Prediction mechanism is used to predict next location of the object. Depending on predicted location only nodes closed to predicted location are activated while others remains in sleep mode to preserve the energy. Current location of the object is calculated by active cluster head using Trilateration method. The proposed system is analyzed in Homogeneous and Heterogeneous network. Experiment is carried out using Network simulator-2 tool. Key Words: Wireless Sensor Networks, Tracking, Trilateration, Prediction 1. INTRODUCTION Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is group of small sensor nodes connected by wireless media. They are low cost, battery powered, placed randomly to form a sensor field. The sensors are spatially distributed to monitor physical or environmental conditions, such as temperature, sound, vibration, pressure, motion or pollutants. It has an ability to work cooperatively and pass their data through the network to the Base Station (BS) or a sink node. WSN has the ability to dynamically adapt to changing environments. Object tracking is one of the challenging application for Wireless Sensor Network in which network of wireless sensors are involved in the task of tracking a moving object. It consists of mainly two phase: 1) Detection of object 2) Monitoring and tracking of object. Object Tracking is widely used in many applications like military application, commercial applications, field of surveillance, intruder application and traffic applications. There are various metrics for analysing object tracking such as cluster formation, tracking accuracy, cluster head life time, miss rate, total energy consumed, distance between the Š 2017, IRJET
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Impact Factor value: 5.181
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source and object, varying speed of the object, etc. The open issues in object tracking are detecting the moving object’s change in direction, varying speed of the object, object precision, prediction accuracy, fault tolerance and missing object recovery. In all tracking process, more energy is consumed for messages or data transmission between the sensor nodes or between the sensor and sink [7]. In traditional object tracking all the sensor node pass their sensed data to the one node (base station or a sink node) therefore computation burden increases at that node, results in less accuracy and reduction in energy efficiency of that network and if number of sensor increases in the network, more number of messages are passed to Base station which consumes more bandwidth. Therefore, this approach lacks scalability. Also if that one node fails due to reduction in energy whole network collapse. It is called as centralized approach. In WSN, each node has very limited power and consequently traditional tracking methods based on complex signal processing algorithm are not applicable. In an object tracking application, the sensor nodes which can sense the object at a particular time are kept in active mode, while the remaining nodes are to be retained in inactive mode so as to conserve energy until the object approaches them. To continuously monitor mobile object, a group of sensors must be turned in active mode just before object reaches to them. The group of active sensor nodes varies depending on the velocity of moving object and the schedule by cluster head. The sensor nodes detect the moving object and transmit the information to the sink or the base station [6]. The object tracking algorithm should be designed in such a way that it results in good quality tracking with low energy consumption. The good quality tracking extends the network lifetime and achieves a high accuracy. Because, even if a sensor node fails, other sensor node can take the responsibility and carry out the tracking process. In this paper we have proposed a system for prediction based object tracking in wireless sensor network. Using prediction mechanism object’s next location is predicted and only group of sensors which are in the vicinity of the predicted location will remain active. The rest of this paper is as follows: In section 2 we have an overview on some of the existing systems for target tracking. ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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