International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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A NOVEL DE ROUTING SCHEME FOR VEHICULAR AD-HOC NETWORK Navpreet Panjrath1, Monika Poriye2 , Vinod Kumar3 1,2,3 Department
of Computer Science & Applications, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract- Vehicular Ad hoc Networks (VANET) became one of the most challenging research areas in the field of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET). In VANET vehicles send emergency and safety messages from one control channel having a restricted bandwidth, which results in increasing collision to the channel. In this paper Differential Evolution (DE) optimization algorithm is used in vehicular ad hoc network. DE algorithm is used to choose which vehicle is the most suitable to act as cluster manager by minimizing the fitness function. Using various key metrics of interest including data packet delivery ratio, throughput, time complexity, a modified scheme based on Differential Evolution (DE) algorithm is proposed which is compared to the PSO based routing in VANET.
channel for safety application communication. VANET that depends on the exchange of safety information among vehicles (V2V communication) or between vehicle to infrastructure (V2I Communication) using the control channel. VANET safety communication is implemented in two ways, namely, periodic safety message called beacon and event-driven message known as emergency message, both sharing only one control channel. The beacon messages contain status information about the sender vehicle, such as position, speed, heading, and others. Beacons provide new information about the sender vehicle to the surrounding vehicles in the network, which updates the status of the current network and predict the movement of vehicles. Beacons are sent aggressively to nearby vehicles at 10 messages each second. This results a raise in channel collision that the control channel cannot bear, especially when extreme traffic occurs in small geographic areas. So channel load should be controlled and limited channel resources should be efficiently used. In this paper Differential Evolution optimization algorithm is implemented in VANET to minimize the fitness function which results to choose best suitable vehicle as cluster head.
Keywords –VANET, PSO, Velocity, Best Search I. Introduction The main aim of Intelligent Transport System is to provide security and safety for drivers. It is very essential and serious concern to create capable safety system on the road for humans today. Traffic congestion wastes time and fuel, thus, there is a serious need to develop efficient safety systems. VANET enables the intelligent vehicles to communicate with each other. Implementation of such systems is possible in vehicles with devices enhancing safety, such as small range radars, night vision, light sensors, rain sensors, navigation systems, and the Event Data Record (EDR) resembling the Black-Box [1]. However, VANET is still at the early stages of deployment, and real and intensive research pertaining to essential safety solutions is still limited. This research gap prevents VANET from achieving its main goal of creating an efficient safety system on the road [2].
II. Related Work In VANET network is divided into clusters which assures fast delivery of data packets from one vehicle to another vehicle which result to increase data packet delivery ratio and reduce collision. In [3] authors have proposed an “energy aware” adaptive algorithm, which uses only local information to alter power [4, 5 and 6] and fixed on the minimum transmission power does not always maximize throughput. In VANET energy efficiency is not a matter where nodes have a nearly unlimited power supply for communication.
Wirelesses access in vehicular environment (WAVE) is a multi-channel approach, planned by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), kept for one control channel from 5.855 to 5865 GHz, for high availability, low latency vehicle safety communications. WAVE represents the first VANET standard published in 2006. Enhancement was required on IEEE 802.11 standard to support applications from the Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). The 802.11p standard is used in VANET communication and uses dedicated short range communications (DSRC) spectrum; it is divided into eight 10 MHz channels with only one control
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Dynamic alteration of transmission power based on estimates of local vehicle density is proposed in [7]. Traffic density does not specify channel load; thus, if the channel load is high and the traffic density is low, the sender chooses high power for sending the message, that further increasing channel load and causing message reception failure [8].
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