International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Development of a Quadrotor – A Didactic Approach Sajid Shaikh1, Ritesh Varpe2, Vaibhav Adhalage3, Akshay Virade4 1, 2, 3,4Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Dr D Y Patil SOET, Pune, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - A quadcopter can be concisely categorized as an
methodical approach, an orderly procedure is followed throughout the build.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) that has an immense potential of performing complex tasks in dynamic environments that are often precarious. Development of an efficient, low-cost and robust multirotor being the primary objective of this project, a didactic approach is maintained. In considerations of an optimal design, the mechanical structure as well as the electronics are designed using a CAD modelling software and a suitable material is selected that is unequivocally the most synthetically efficient. After a comprehensive study of dynamics of a vertical flight and thrust calculations, desired specifications of propellers and brushless motors are set. Autonomous levelling of the system is achieved with a Flight Control Board having the functionality of P and I gains manipulation. These types of systems have a wide range of applications and have a controllable versatility. Using this project as a tool for integrating the knowledge of different disciplines as a mechatronic system, an inter-disciplinary method is predominantly emphasized.
2. FRAME DESIGN AND 3D MODELLING 2.1 Frame Size Frame size, here in case of a quadrotor, is the proposed distance between the two vertical axes of diagonally opposite motors. The selection of frame size is the most fundamental and significant part of the build process. Most frequently used frame sizes for a quadcopter are 180 mm, 200 mm, 250 mm, 350 mm, 450 mm, 500 mm, etc. The smaller frame sizes are to be used when the ultimate purpose of the quadrotor is predominantly concerned with high speed application and a compact system. The larger frame sizes, on the other hand, are relatively slower in speed and are suitable for high thrust applications. In case of this project, a moderate frame size of 450 mm is selected.
Key Words: Multirotor, Quadrotor, Quadcopter design, UAV
1. INTRODUCTION The spectrum of developing an adroit UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) has been witnessing an incessant growth as new technology disembarks day by day. The development of quadrotors hasn’t been untouched amidst this technological reform. While more and more quadrotors are being improvised and developed with distinctive purpose to enter the pool of wide range of applications including photography, defence, and delivery using GPS navigation, the mankind is certainly achieving automation [1]. A basic quadrotor comprises of mechanical hardware along with the electronic components making it an interdisciplinary system. This mechatronics project is explicitly aimed at helping the students familiarize with the modern technologies that are being used in UAVs and understand the working principle. The system primarily consists of brushless DC motors, electronic speed controllers, electronic stabilization unit with 3-axis gyroscope and accelerometer, a radio receiver and transmitter.
Fig -1: Drafted views of Frame Figure 1 illustrates the drafted views of the frame that was modelled using CAD software, including the various dimensions. Some of the major dimensions: (All in mm) i. Length of each of the four arms(booms) = 198 ii. Cross-section of the arm = Square 25 x 25 iii. Base plate and Top plate (Square) = 150 iv. Holes = ϕ3, ϕ4, ϕ12
The design process is carried out with the help of CAD modelling software with the selected frame size and aluminium is used as frame material because it is light in weight and strong as well. The motors are selected pertaining to the desired thrust requirements. Ascertaining a
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