International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
An analysis of On-Demand Water Supply System in tank command areas of Karnataka A.R.Radhakrishna1, N.Manjula2 and Prasannakumar3 1,3 Assistant
Professor of Agricultural Engineering University of Agricultural Scinces, GKVK, Bangalore 2Scientist, Agric.Extension, Krishi Vigyan Kendra, Chikkaballapura district --------------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract: The highest number of tanks is located in south India. The water losses in these tanks were rerecorded up to 30 per cent which is mainly due to seepage, percolation and evaporation in transit from the storage reservoir to the farmer’s field. This has resulted in less area under irrigation and low yield which is mainly due to failure of crops from moisture stress at the later stages. Hence, to minimize the water loss and improve conveyance efficiency, an investigation on the underground buried pipe system and efficient irrigation methods was carried out with the main objectives of introducing buried pipe system in the command area and investigating the effectiveness of on demand water supply system and efficient irrigation on net returns per ha and net revenue. The results indicated that, there was increase in area under irrigation and increased returns from the crops cultivated. About 110.05 to 768.77 per cent increase in net revenue was recorded from 2004-05 to 2007-08 compared to base year 2003-04. About 54.29 to 146.33 per cent increase in area expansion with different crops was recorded over base year. In addition, about 110.05 to 768.77 per cent of net revenue of the command area had been increased compared to the base year. Key words: On demand water delivery; tank command area; underground buried pipe system; conveyance efficiency; water use efficiency. 1. INTRODUCTION Irrigation is a key input in crop production. Water for irrigation is scarce and farmers and crops are more dependent on optimum irrigation for sustainable agriculture. To strengthen sustainable agriculture, tank irrigation system was established centuries ago. At present, there are about 36,500 irrigation tanks in Karnataka and these tanks have not been managed properly. As such the command area as well as water-spread area needs improvements for continuous use of tanks to promote irrigated agriculture. It is estimated that about 30 per cent of water stored is wasted in command area in the form of conveyance and application losses during surface irrigation. In the command area, improper management of irrigation water not only leads to wastage of water but also land degradation. Under these conditions, two shortcomings of surface irrigation systems becomes more important, firstly, a high proportion of water is lost between the source and crop, and secondly deliveries of water to individual farmers are not optimum in quality or timing or reliability. The extent of these shortcomings depends on the physical infrastructure and management of the system, and its particular environment. The awareness of various options available to tackle these problems and achieve better performance from surface irrigation systems, include lined canals to reduce losses, control structures and systematic management to improve deliveries and “demand” type systems to enable farmers to control their own water supplies. A different approach need to be adopted. Alternative technology is the low pressure buried pipe line system for surface irrigation in the tank command area. This offers improvements over conventional surface irrigation system with canals. It will be more efficient and more flexible in operation than conventional canal system, with fewer environmental problems. Further, by adopting advanced irrigation methods, it is possible to restore about 30 per cent of irrigation water which can be used to bring additional area under irrigation. Present day knowledge of soil-moisture-plant relations permits irrigation systems to be designed for applying water in correct quantities when needed. Irrigation water could be applied at rates to suit the infiltration rates of soils and thereby obtain maximum efficiency in water use and prevent deterioration of land quality. In order to use this knowledge effectively, a reasonably accurate measurement of water is necessary. Keeping the above points in view, this Pilot Study was planned in the project area, with the objective of introducing buried pipe system in the command area and investigating the effectiveness of on demand water supply system and efficient irrigation on net returns per ha and net revenue.
© 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
| Page 2443