International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Voltage Variation Compensation Krishnapriya M.R1, Minnu Mariya Paul2, Ridhun R3 , Veena Mathew4 1,2,3 Student, Dept. of Electrical And Electronics Engineering, Mar Athanasius College, Kerala, India 4 Assistant Professor, Dept. of Electrical And Electronics Engineering, Mar Athanasius College,
Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Power quality is one of the major concerns in the present era. Power distribution systems, ideally should provide customer with an uninterrupted flow of energy at smooth Sinusoidal voltage. But in practice distribution systems have non linear loads which affects the purity of waveform of supply. One of the major problems dealt here is voltage sag and swell. The proposed system can provide a solution to the above problem by using a renewable energy source like solar. It uses a PIC microcontroller and atmel microcontroller. PIC microcontroller compares the load voltage and give signals to atmel microcontroller based on whether there is a voltage sag or swell. The atmel microcontroller correspondingly controls the pulse width of the inverter and gives the necessary compensation. Key Words: Renewable energy, microcontroller, Atmel, PIC
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voltage swells are less frequent compared to that of voltage sags which are mainly produced because of sudden switching of large loads or energization of capacitor banks. Due to these faults, under full load conditions, it may cause severe or high voltage drops in the system. Due to these disturbances, system may undergo shutdown or fail including large voltage and current imbalances in the system. Various techniques can be adopted or used by the customer in order to mitigate these voltage sags / swells to have better quality of power supply to the equipment for its effective functioning. But, the effects that are caused by the voltage sag or swell to the equipment may be expensive to the customer. But, there are many techniques available for compensation of voltage sag and swell, in which installation of custom power device is the adequate method for mitigation of voltage sag and swell. A power conditioner is a device proposed to enhance the quality of the power that is delivered to a sensitive electrical load. In addition, it can be defined as a device that acts on delivery of a voltage of the appropriate level and characteristics to facilitate the effective utilization of critical loads. At the present time, one of the power conditioners most commonly used to mitigate voltage sags is the dynamic voltage restorer (DVR). Renewable energy sources such as wind, solar, tidal etc can be used for the same. In this project, we are using solar for mitigation of voltage sag and swell. This project presents a hardware prototype of a voltage sag and swell compensator which ensures a constant and steady voltage across the load with less fluctuations. The controller is implemented using the PIC16F877Microcontroller and Atmel Microcontroller launch pad kit.
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1.INTRODUCTION Recently, much attention has been focused on the power quality domain in power system networks. Power quality measures the fitness of electric power transmitted from the utilities to the different consumers in the case of the conventional centralized generation or in some cases from the consumers to the utilities in the case of distributed generation. Voltage distortion that may occur due to power system harmonics and voltage sags is widely recognized as the most severe issue affecting power quality, because it affects both the utility company and consumers alike. Nonlinear loads create voltage and current harmonics which may have detrimental effects on consumers equipment. There are two major challenges that power system must deal with: one is voltage fluctuations and the other is short circuit faults. Nowadays, many power loads have become more sensitive to the disturbances due to voltage fluctuations that are produced because of wide use of non-linear loads. Because of these disturbances or fluctuations quality of power being distributed or transmitted has become low. Faults in power system can cause voltage sag or swell in the entire system or major part of it. In addition, harmonics, voltage transients, flickers are also one of the voltage quality problems .Voltage sag can be either balanced or unbalanced which mainly depends on type of fault. The main sources of voltage sag are any type of fault in power system or by the starting of large motor loads. Mainly, voltage sags are considered as major threats to the power quality. But
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Impact Factor value: 5.181
2.BLOCK DIAGRAM DESCRIPTION The system shown above is used to compensate for the variations that occur in the load voltage. Required voltage is attained from solar energy. Sun light incident on the solar cell is converted into electrical energy using photovoltaic effect. This electrical energy is boosted using a dc-dc boost converter and is then stored in a battery. The boosted output depends on the trigger pulse given by the pic microcontroller. Output of battery is given to an inverter for dc to ac conversion. In the above system , supply is provided by an autotransformer which is adjusted to provide sag and swell conditions. Autotransformer is connected in series with an injection transformer across the ac load. Two microcontrollers , PIC
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