International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395-0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
A Study of Wireless Sensor Networks Danish Raza Rizvi1, Dr. Mohd. Amjad2, Prof. M. N. Doja3 1Assistant
Professor, Dept. of Computer Engg. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Engg. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India 3Professor, Dept. of Computer Engg. Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2
Abstract - A wireless sensor network is a wide area of
networks agreed in various applications in different fields like medical, environmental, agricultural etc.
research now a days. In older days, we have talked about the concepts of network. A communication system that consists two or more computers that are linked to share some resources and information called a network. But now a days we are talking about a concept that is a collection of some fabricated circuits known as sensors. A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network is a collection of sensors to monitor to some special physical or environmental conditions. Wireless sensor networks (WSN), sometimes referred as wireless sensor actuator networks (WSAN), because they can involve more than a single actuator on an actor point. An actor point might involve, a combination of servos and multi-geared electric motors ordered together to perform complex tasks. Key Words: WSN, WSAN, Sensor
Fig.1: A wireless sensor network Design
1. INTRODUCTION 2.2 Transport Layer
A wireless sensor network (WSN) is a wireless network is a collection of sensors to monitor to some special conditions includes physical or environmental. A WSN integrates a gateway that used to provides wireless connectivity back to the wired system and scattered nodes. WSN standard includes standard radios 2.4 based on IEEE 802.15.4 or IEEE 802.11 which is for Wi-Fi standard systems or 900MHz exclusive radios [1]. A wireless sensor network may follow different architectures, but most common architecture followed by Wireless sensor network is open system interface (OSI) architecture. This architecture includes application layer, transport layer, network layer, data link layer and physical layer with three cross layers namely power management layer, mobility management layer and task management layer. All these layers of wireless sensor network are used to achieve the network and make the sensors work unruffled in order to increase the overall efficiency of the network [3].
The main aim of transport layer is to control bottle neck problem and provide reliability. There are a number of protocols anticipated to offer this function are either practical on the upstream. Different techniques are used by these protocols to recognize the loss and recovery. When the system intended to contact other networks, we need transport layer. TCP is not suitable for wireless sensor network because it is less energy efficient. Generally transport layer may be divided into Event driven or packet driven. Pump slow fetch quick (PSQF), Price-Oriented Reliable Transport Protocol (PORT) and Sensor Transmission control protocol (STCP) are some standard protocols in network layer. 2.3 Network Layer Routing is the responsibility of network layer. A sensor does not have a universal ID and it has to self-organized, so the main tasks are in buffers organization, power preserving and partial memory. The basic routing protocol concept is the explanation of reliable and redundant path which may differs from protocol to protocol. There are a large numbers of existing network layer protocol and we can classify them in hierarchal and flat routing or we can separated in to querydriven & event driven, time driven.
2. WSN NETWORK DESIGN 2.1 Application Layer Traffic management is done by application layer. Application layer is also responsible to manage software for several applications to clear data and find useful information. Sensor
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2.4 Data Link Layer The main responsibility of data link layer is to ensure point to point or point to multipoint reliability. To ensure error
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