International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Implementing Sensors in the conversion of plastic into fuel Ms. A. Sivasankari1, Mrs. R. Malarvizhi2, Mr. R. Rajesh Babu3 1Head
of the Department, Dept of Computer Science and Applications, D.K.M College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India 2Research Scholar, Dept of Computer Science and Applications, D.K.M College for Women (Autonomous), Vellore, Tamilnadu, India 3Assistant Professor, Dept of Computer Science, Arakkonam Arts and Science College, Arakkonam, Tamilnadu, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - In the present scenario, waste management has
become a serious issue due to rapid urbanization, economical activities and increase in human population. Insufficient collection and inappropriate disposal of solid wastes represents a source of water, land and air pollution, and pose risks to human health and the environment. In the municipal Waste, plastics occupy a major part .The usage of plastic is increased rapidly in our day to day life. So it is necessary to recycle the plastics in an effective manner. So we adopt the process called pyrolysis. Pyrolysis of waste is the state-of-the art process providing destructive decomposition of waste materials in the absence of oxygen. The proposed paper deals with solving the problem of plastics by pyrolysis with the help of sensor technology. It is alternative to “conventional” waste disposal. Key Words: conventional, pyrolysis, environment, plastic, urbanization, disposal, destructive.
1. INTRODUCTION We find considerable growth in use of plastic everywhere due to various beneficial properties of plastics, such as: (i)Extreme versatility and ability to be tailored to meet very specific technical needs, (ii)Lighter weight than competing materials, reducing fuel consumption during transportation, (iii)Extreme durability, (iv)Resistance to chemicals, water and impact, (v)Better safety and hygiene properties for food packaging,(vi) Excellent thermal and electrical insulation properties (vii) Relatively inexpensive to produce. However, plastics waste creates lot of nuisances and degrade environment in a big way. Recycling of plastics is desirable because it avoids their accumulation in landfills. While plastics constitute only about 8 percent by weight or 20 percent by volume of municipal solid waste, their low density and slowness to decompose makes them a visible pollutant of public concern. It is evident that the success of recycling is limited by the development of successful strategies for collection and separation. Recycling of scrap plastics by manufacturers has been highly successful and has proven economical, but recovering discarded plastics from consumers is more difficult.
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Recycling and re-utilization of waste plastics have several advantages. Recycling and re-utilization of waste plastics lead to a reduction of the use of virgin materials and of the use of energy, thus also a reduction of carbon dioxide emissions. Economically, in some cases, plastics recycling may be profitable. However, a number of factors can complicate the practice of plastics recycling, such as the collection of the plastics waste, separation of different types of plastics, cleaning of the waste and possible pollution of the plastics. A further complicating factor is the low-value nature of most of the products that can be manufactured from recycled plastics. Reusing plastic is preferable to recycling as it uses less energy and fewer resources.
1.1 Pyrolysis process Pyrolysis is the heating of an organic material, such as biomass in the absence of oxygen. Because no oxygen is present the material does not combust but the chemical compounds (i.e. cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) that make up that material thermally decompose into combustible gases and charcoal. Most of these combustible gases can be condensed into combustible liquid, called pyrolysis oil (bio-oil), though there are some permanent gases (CO2, CO, H2, light hydrocarbons). Thus pyrolysis of biomass produces three products: one liquid, bio-oil, one solid, bio-char and one gaseous (syngas). The proportion of these products depends on several factors including the composition of the feedstock and process parameters. However, all things being equal, the yield of bio-oil is optimized when the pyrolysis temperature is around 500 degree C and the heating rate is high (i.e. 1000 degree C/s) i.e. Fast pyrolysis conditions. Under these conditions bio-oil yields of 60-70 wt% of can be achieved from a typical biomass feedstock, with 15-25 wt% yields of bio-char. The remaining 10-15 wt% is syngas. Processes that use slower heating rates are called slow pyrolysis and bio-char is usually the major product of such processes. The pyrolysis process can be self-sustained, as combustion of the syngas and a portion of bio-oil or bio-char can provide all the necessary energy to drive the reaction.
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