International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 07 | July -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Bioprocessing and Characterization of Polyhydroxyalkanoate blends from Cassia seed Punniavan Sakthiselvan1, Ramasamy Madhumathi2 1Assistant
Professor, Department of Petroleum Engineering, AMET University, Kanathur, Chennai, India – 603112. of Chemical Engineering, A.C.College of Technology, Anna University, Chennai, India – 600025. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Department
Abstract - Blending PHB with another bio-based and/or
biopolymers must be increased considerably. Consequently, the modification of these materials is in the focus of scientific research. In order to adjust the properties of biopolymers to the intended application, wide varieties of approaches are used for their modification, like plasticization, the incorporation of fillers and reinforcements, blending and impact modification [3, 4]. In contrast to the development of novel polymeric materials and new polymerization routes, the preparation of heterogeneous polymeric systems is a relatively cheap and fast method to conform the properties of plastics. As a result, this approach may play a crucial role in increasing the competitiveness of biopolymers [5]. The purpose of this research work is to obtain blends of PHB and Galactomannon with several compositions, using an internal mixer, and to study the miscibility, morphology and physicalchemical properties of these systems.
Keywords: Blending, Galactomannon, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Biodegradability.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
biologically degradable material. Poly-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) is blended with another biodegradable polymer called Galactomannon. Preparation of copolymers of PHB with other natural polymers (viz., Cassia gum, Tamarind seed, Xanthan gum, Alginates).Copolymerization technique was also employed as a modification technique in addition to blending and both the techniques were compared. Analyze the physicomechanical properties of copolymers using various analysis and tests.. The blends were solvent casted into films of different proportions. Blend films were evaluated and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Moisture absorptivity studies were also carried out for the various blend films. This to, be a good option to develop PHB blends maintaining its biodegradability and bioreabsorption properties.
2.1. Preparation of GM-PHB blend films
1. INTRODUCTION During the past few decades, biopolymers have attracted much attention for industrial, biomedical and pharmaceutical applications. In the field of polymers for industrial applications, more than 80% of plastic production is based on polyolefins (PP, PVC, PE, PS etc.) which are mostly produced from fossil fuels, consumed & discarded into the environment, ending up spontaneously as nonbiodegradable wastes which means that 80% of plastic refuse is practically eternal and is becoming a global environmental problem. For this reason microbial plastic polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA) have gained importance since it can easily be dismantled in nature. Their life span is longer than several hundred years. After the end of their use, the polymers end up either in landfills or littering the environment [1]. Landfilling is becoming increasingly prohibitive, due to increasing costs, scarcity of land and other health and environmental considerations, such as ground water contamination. Biopolymers are promising candidates to replace conventional polymers, because of their biodegradable nature and they can be made from renewable resources as raw material. They can be categorized as a) bio resourced, b) biodegradable and c) bio resourced and biodegradable [2]. To utilize their potential and penetrate new markets, the improved properties of
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C PEG different percentages. The solutions were blended with 1% PHB-Chloroform solution in different ratios by magnetic stirring overnight to obtain a uniform dispersion. The viscous mixture was centrifuged at 10,000 rpm for 10 mins and the clarified supernatant solution was then casted into petridishes having area of 63 cm2 and 1.5 cm wall height. Petridishes were incubate in hot air oven f 8 5 ˚ C. After drying films were removed with the help of a sharp blade and kept in desiccator for 24 hrs. Films with air bubbles, cuts or imperfections were excluded from the study. Selected films were subjected for different evaluation parameters were represented in previous manuscript.
2.2 Characterization studies on Copolymer films 2.2.1 Thickness of the films The thickness of the patch was measured using micrometer with a least count of 0.01 mm at different spots of the film. The thickness was measured at three different spots of the patch and average was taken.
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