International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Direct Photometry Non Invasive Bilirubin Device L. C. Ku1, N. S. M. Lazim1 1Department
of Electrical Engineering, Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah 40150, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-----------------------------------------------------------------Direct photometry can be used only in newborns. In the case of most children and adults, the serum includes many other pigments of similar colors and reactions as bilirubin. The proposed benefits of using this technology include noninvasive and accurate screening for clinically significant jaundice. Transcutaneous Bilirubin readings are instant and results can avoid delay with discharge and or indicate the need for formal SBR testing [3]. Based on biomedical engineer and hospital staff’s, providing a non-invasive method in detecting hyperbilirubinemia or jaundice can overcome some problem that may occurs during taking neonates blood. And can overcome mistake in prick needle among neonates. However, this non-invasive method which is the Direct Photometry Non Invasive Bilirubin Device must be calibrating to avoid from false readings and wrong indicator.
Abstract - Measurement of jaundice among neonates is
important in determine the possible treatment to prevent any serious illness. Normally jaundice is checked by using invasive method; blood test and urine test. Invasive blood sampling is stressful for the neonate, resulting in blood loss and an increased risk for infections at the site of sampling. Direct Photometry Non Invasive Bilirubin Device will overcome the issues happened. Direct photometric measurements are based on direct measurements of suitably solved serum at the wavelength of 455nm, which is the absorption maximum of bilirubin. Direct photometry can be used only in newborns. The knowledge of light transmission and absorption on a specific tissue compartment is applied. The relevant skin photo diagnostics handle 575 nm (green) and 450 nm (blue monochromatic light). The device uses only one parameter which is reading of bilirubin in μmol/L. The output will appear on the LCD based on the level of bilirubin. It appeared as Normal (Green Light), Moderate (Yellow Light) and Critical (Red Light and Buzzer).
1.1 Bilirubin Bilirubin is the yellowish pigment that is the byproduct of heme catabolism. Bilirubin is responsible for the yellow color of the urine. When the cell is died hemoglobin is release from the cell, which is breakdown into heme and globin. Heme is finally converting into bilirubin, an orange-yellow pigment. Bilirubin is an endogenous anion derived from hemoglobin degradation from the Red Blood Cell [4]. Bilirubin is altered by exposure to light so serum and plasma samples must be kept in dark before measurements are made. When the liver function tests are abnormal and the serum bilirubin levels more than 17μmol/L suggest underlying liver disease.
Key Words: arduino, bilirubin, non-invasive, photometry, wavelength 1.INTRODUCTION The development of new technology introduces the new model and method detection of jaundice or hyperbilirubinemia by using non-invasive method. The yellow discoloration is used to measure bilirubin concentration for determining the level of jaundice in infants[1]. Hyperbilirubinemia or Neonates Jaundice is commonly happened in the neonates or newborns due to rise in the amount of bilirubin concentration in the body. Non-invasive, transcutaneous, point of care measurement of transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) pre-discharge by multiwavelength spectral analysis, using a portable device is clinically equivalent to measurement of TSB in a diverse, multiracial term and near-term newborn population and predictive of subsequent hyperbilirubinemia [2]. Noninvasive bilirubin meter can overcome the problem when taking the blood from the neonates. It can be painless and user friendly to the user.
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In a newborn, higher bilirubin is normal due to the stress of birth. Normal bilirubin in a newborn would be under 5 mg/dL, but many newborns have some kind of jaundice and bilirubin levels above 5 mg/dL [5]. If the blood tests show abnormally high levels of bilirubin, doctor may order more tests to determine the underlying cause. Once the doctor has determined a cause of high bilirubin levels, it may take more bilirubin blood tests to monitor the effectiveness of the treatment.
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