International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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Comparative Analysis of Visual Cryptography Using Codebook and Random Grid Visual Cryptography Anil B Alde1, Vikas T. Humbe2 1School of Technology, S.R.T.M.U.N, Sub-Campus, Peth, Latur, Maharashtra, India
2School of Technology, S.R.T.M.U.N, Sub-Campus, Peth, Latur, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - Visual Cryptography (VC) is a cryptographic
presents experimental results, and Section 6 concludes with key insights.
technique that splits a secret image into shares, revealing no information individually but reconstructing the image when stacked together. This paper compares two VC methods: Random Grid Visual Cryptography (RG-VC) and Visual Cryptography using Codebook (VC-CB). We analyze their principles, implementation, security, efficiency, and applications. Our findings show that RG-VC offers simplicity and perfect security, while VC-CB provides scalability and flexibility. These insights help in selecting the appropriate VC method for various applications and further research work.
1.1 VC-CB
Key Words: Visual Cryptography (VC), Random Grid Visual Cryptography (RG-VC), Visual Cryptography using Codebook (VC-CB), Security
1. INTRODUCTION Visual Cryptography (VC) is a powerful cryptographic technique for secure image sharing, with applications in secure communications, authentication, and watermarking. VC divides a secret image into multiple shares that individually reveal no information [1]. However, when shares are superimposed one above the other, the secret image is revealed [2] as figured out in Fig.1.
1.2 RG-VC
2.1 VC-CB
This paper compares two VC methods: Random Grid Visual Cryptography (RG-VC) and Visual Cryptography using Codebook (VC-CB). We analyze their principles, implementation, security, efficiency, and applications. The paper is structured as follows: Section 2 discusses the principles of VC-CB and RG-VC, Section 3 compares their features, Section 4 details their algorithms, Section 5
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The encryption of pictures by two random grids was first introduced by Kafri and Keren in 1987 [4] and was neglected for two decades until 2007 [5] in which the secret image is divided into multiple shares, each of which contains random grids of black and white pixels. These shares are distributed among participants. To reveal the secret, the participants superimpose their shares on top of each other. Only when the shares are overlaid in the correct alignment, does the secret image become visible. Individually, the shares do not provide any information about the original image. This technique relies on the randomness of the grid patterns to achieve secrecy. The random grids are designed in such a way that they reveal the secret when overlaid correctly but remain meaningless otherwise.
2. PRINCIPLES OF VC-CB AND RG-VC
Fig- 1 Visual Cryptography
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Naor and Shamir [3] presented a VC-CB in 1994, in which a codebook, a predefined set of patterns or codes is used to encode the secret image into shares. Each share contains a portion of the secret image, and when combined according to the codebook, the original image can be reconstructed. Unlike Random Grid Visual Cryptography, which relies on random patterns, this approach uses a predetermined set of codes to encode and decode the secret image. The security of this method depends on the secrecy of the codebook. If an adversary gains access to the codebook, they can easily reconstruct the original image from the shares.
Visual Cryptography using Codebook (VC-CB) relies on predefined codebooks to encode and decode shares. The secret image is divided into blocks, and each block is mapped to a code in the codebook. Shares are generated based on the codes in the codebook [6]. VC-CB in which 2-out-of-2 a basic
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