International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Traffic Signal Duration Control by Estimating Vehicle Density Nithika Bhasi 1, Chithra V2 12Assistant
Professor, Department of ECE Dhanalakshmi Srinivasan College Of Engineering Coimbatore, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***-------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract— In India traffic congestion is becoming a very It is annoying and effects quality of life for everyone who are serious issue day after day. The heavy traffic jam is a result of stuck in it large amount of vehicle which is caused by huge population It causes many problem and limits future economic and development in economy. As a part of globalization, time expansion. consumption and management means a lot. The fast moving Cars stuck in congestion produce more CO2 per mile world in which we live today does not want to wait at any cost than the in middle of the time consuming traffic signals. As a result of free-flowing traffic. this mentality of the people, safety measures are discarded It adversely affects the people who are in emergency. and violated intentionally. Thus a need for density based time When compared with the growth of population, saving traffic signal control unit aroused. The density based vehicle growth is also increasing rapidly which is influencing system would be better than the time based system control as it scans the density of vehicles on road based on Digital image traffic system. The normal function of traffic lights should be, to processing. More accurate and easily maintainable system is be more controlled and coordinated to ensure that traffic what we need. This time saving control system can be used in moves as smoothly and safely all frequently congested junctions. The proposed system has as possible. Different control systems are used for this, such two sections; the traffic section and the control section. The as simple clockwork mechanisms, to computerized control and vehicle density in the junction is estimated by capturing the coordination systems that are used to minimize delay for traffic condition using digital cameras and processed by people using the road. MATLAB programming. Based on the captured and processed information on Vehicle density the signal durations can be One of the methods used for controlling the traffic increased or reduced using microcontrollers. signal was the use of timers [1]. It presets the time in the traffic Index Terms- traffic density estimation, traffic control, control section, traffic section, PIC16F87XA, ostus algorithm.. 1. INTRODUCTION The traffic signal system in almost all cities in India is based on the time, that results in wastage of time, more fuel consumption and more congestion on roads. When the vehicle on the road increases the speed of traffic stream decreases which results in some congestions. This makes the whole population in the cities to stand still in the middle of the heavy traffic jam daily. Some steps or measures have to be taken to overcome this situation. This paper is proposing a method to estimate vehicle density using digital image processing and controlling the traffic signal. Traffic congestion near the traffic signal is one of the main problem which we are facing in our day to day life, mainly in metropolitan cities. Traffic congestion are causing challenges for all developed and developing cities. This leads to so many problems such as waiting in front of the signal for hours for the green signal which leads to time wastage. It even creates problem for emergency vehicles like ambulance, fire force etc. Cities are mainly affected by it which results in massive delays, increased fuel wastage and monetary losses.Traffic congestion is a concern largely for four reasons:
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signal for the red light and green light. It works according to the timing and not depending on the traffic density. The main drawback of this method is it does not monitor the traffic density and it does not control the traffic signal timing which causes the vehicles to wait on the junction for hours till the signal becomes green. Manual controlling of traffic signal is one of the oldest technique which requires man power to control the traffic [5]. At different countries, traffic polices are allotted for a particular area or city to control the traffic manually. These traffic polices carry different devices to control the traffic such as sign board, sign light and whistles. The main drawback of this method is it becomes difficult for a traffic police to control large amount of traffic in a four way junction as a result of which congestion increases. Another technique used for traffic controlling was with the help of sensors [6]. The controller uses the input from detectors, that are sensors that inform the controller that, whether a vehicle or road users are present, to adjust signal timing according to the limits set by the controller programming. It can provide more time to a junction that is experiencing heavy traffic,. These detectors are of three types they are, in-pavement detectors, non-intrusive detectors, and motorized road users detector [6]. These detectors are buried inside the roadways. Inductive detector loops are the detectors which are commonly used. They are sensors which are buried inside the road to detect the presence of traffic waiting at the
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