International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Performance and Emission Analysis in DI Diesel Engine Using Biodiesel with Bio Additive R.Silambarasan1, R.Senthilkumar2, V.Manieniyan3 and S.Sivaprakasam4 1P.G
student, Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, India Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, India 4Associate Professor in Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2,3Assistant
Abstract - The energy demand is increasing due to ever-
increasing number of vehicles employing internal combustion engines. The world today is facing twin crisis of fossil fuel deflection and environmental degradation. Fossil fuels are limited resources & hence, search for renewable fuels is becoming more and more prominent issue of ensuring energy security and environmental protection. In this present work is carried out performance and emission characteristics of diesel and biodiesel (Mahua) with bio additives (kriya) various ratio are analyzed. The biodiesel (Mahua) with bio additives (kriya) B20 +1ml is having the better characteristics in terms of performance and emission. The results with B20 +1ml kriya shows, the smoke and NOx emission is reduced. Key Words: Biodiesel, Bio additive, Diesel engine, Emission.
1. Introduction The advent of the use of biological systems for the fulfilment of human needs perhaps started way back in 6000 B.C. when Sumerians and Babylonians fermented a kind of beer. Though it started with fermentation, the biological processes kept undergoing many changes over the centuries. Old biotechnology is fermentation, antibiotic production and baking. New technology is brewing, and comprises techniques related with cell culture, fusion, bio- processing, genetic engineering, production of bio fuels etc. Terrestrial fuels like coal and petroleum are in the service of human kind since time immemorial. These fuels, generated from plants and animals, have been stored under earth some million years before these were put to use by the present human race. With an asymptotic rise in the use of the fuels (with developing thermal power stations and increase in number of transporting vehicles) the terrestrial coal pits and petroleum vessels are going to be emptied within a short period. Alternative energy sources are under harvest, which include solar, wind, geothermal and many more. For the need of future race a great devastation is required to bury the biosphere under earth for continuous harvesting of fuel from lithosphere. In the proteomic and genomic era, where biotechnology has become the mother of many inventions, a technology has emerged to harvest energy from plant materials, without waiting for a long period for the transformation of fresh plant to fossil fuel. This energy is in the form of a liquid fuel and is termed as bio- fuels. Š 2017, IRJET
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Biodiesel has many environmentally beneficial properties. The main benefit of biodiesel is that it can be described as ‘carbon neutral’. This means that the fuel produces no net output of carbon in the form of carbon dioxide (CO2). This effect occurs because when the oil crop grows it absorbs the same amount of CO2 as is released when the fuel is combusted. In fact this is not completely accurate as CO2 is released during the production of the fertilizer required to fertilize the fields in which the oil crops are grown. Fertilizer production is not the only source of pollution associated with the production of biodiesel, other sources include the esterification process, the solvent extraction of the oil, refining, drying and transporting. Biodiesel is rapidly biodegradable and completely non-toxic, meaning spillages represent far less of a risk than fossil diesel spillages. Biodiesel has a higher flash point than fossil diesel and so is safer in the event of a crash. Bio diesel is an oxygenated fuel which can be used as a replacement of diesel or using blends of biodiesel.
1.1 Trans esterification Transesterification is most commonly used and important method to reduce the viscosity of vegetable oils. In this process triglyceride reacts with three molecules of alcohol in the presence of a catalyst producing a mixture of fatty acids, alkyl ester and glycerol. The process of removal of all the glycerol and the fatty acids from the vegetable oil in the presence of a catalyst is called esterification. This esterified vegetable oil is called bio-diesel. Bio-diesel properties are similar to diesel fuel. It is renewable, non-toxic, biodegradable and environment friendly transportation fuel. After esterification of the vegetable oil its density, viscosity, cetane number, calorific value, atomization and vaporization rate, molecular weight, and fuel spray penetration distance are improved more. So these improved properties give good performance in CI engine. Physical and chemical properties are more improved in esterified vegetable oil because esterified vegetable oil contains more cetane number than diesel fuel. These parameters induce good combustion characteristics in vegetable oil esters. So unburnt hydrocarbon level is decreased in the exhaust. It results in lower generation of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide in the exhaust than diesel fuel. The vegetable oil esters contain more oxygen and lower calorific value than diesel. So, it enhances the combustion ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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