International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
The Effect of Particulate Grouting With Bentonite in Wellingdon Island Soil Under Cyclic Triaxial Load along with SEM Dipty Sarin Jacob1, Anilkumar P S2, Jain Suzan Zachariah3 1Assistant
2
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, SAINTGITS College of Engineering, Kerala, India Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Government Engineering College, Thrissur , Kerala, India 3PG student, Department of Civil Engineering, SAINTGITS College of Engineering, Kerala, India
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Abstract - The Project mainly aimed at conducting an
another, there is invariably something unique about each earthquake. The totality of observations and the valuable lessons learned from post- earthquake studies and associated activities over the past 50+ years have improved our state of knowledge, state of art and state of practice in all earthquake related engineering fields and especially in geotechnical earthquake engineering. There are two aspects to geotechnical engineering. One pertains to the effects of earthquakes on soils and soil structures (e.g., embankment dams), which may result in loss of strength and limited or uncontrolled deformations. The other aspect is the effects of local subsurface (or local site) conditions on the transient earthquake ground motions. In this project we mainly consider the first aspect and observations related to the improvement of soil. The study mainly point towards the importance of the improvement of W.I soil near Cochin port, by conducting an experimental strategy for improving the resistance of Wellingdon Island against possible threat of liquefaction. As per the analysis report of Development Plan for Kochi City Region 2031, moderate earthquakes of Magnitude 6 are a possibility both on land as well as offshore sources. (Area falling within zone III of seismic zonation map). The importance of the area under consideration is also not less; Cochin is the centre point of major offshore constructions and trade in Kerala comprising major industries; like Malabar Cements Limited, Ambuja Cements Ltd., Ultratech Cements Ltd., Zuari Cements Ltd. , etc. For the conduction of tests, undisturbed samples were collected from a site at Cochin, in Wellington Island near Lakshadweep Development Corporation limited, an area under the Cochin Shipyard limited, which has gained environmental clearance for an upcoming project worth Rs.1.5 crores. The main experimental program constitutes cyclic triaxial tests. The undisturbed W.I soil samples, with increasing proportion of the particulate grouting material, Bentonite, have been obtained by pumping Bentonite of appropriate consistency after conducting the Marsh funnel test [1], over the samples under pressure as per IS specification[2].
experimental study for improving the resistance offered by Wellingdon Island soil against possible threat of liquefaction, as Wellingdon Island in Cochin is the centre point of major offshore constructions and trade in Kerala, South India. For the same, undisturbed samples were collected from a site at Cochin, in Wellington Island near Lakshadweep Development Corporation limited, an area under the Cochin Shipyard limited, which has gained environmental clearance for an upcoming project worth Rs.1.5 crores . The experimental program mainly constitutes cyclic triaxial tests along with the determination of plasticity index and SEM analysis. The undisturbed marine soil samples, with increasing proportion of the particulate grouting material, Bentonite, have been obtained by pumping the Bentonite of appropriate consistency after conducting the Marsh funnel test, over the samples under pressure as per IS specifications. The experimental study proved to be appreciable in improving the resistance of the Wellington Island soil with increasing Bentonite concentration in the samples. The results from cyclic triaxial tests point towards better resistance to liquefaction; when samples were loaded at a frequency of 1 Hz (considering earthquake) upto about 100 cycles at selected confining pressures.
Key Words: Liquefaction, cyclic triaxial test, particulate grouting, plasticity index, Marsh funnel test.
1.INTRODUCTION Liquefaction is one of the most important, interesting, complex and controversial topics in geotechnical engineering. It`s devastating effects sprang to the attention engineers in a three month period in 1964 when the Good Friday earthquake (Mw = 9.2) in Alaska was followed by the Niigata earthquake (Ms = 7.5) in Japan. Both earthquakes produced spectacular examples of liquefaction - induced damage including slope failures, bridge and building foundation failures and flotation of buried structures. There have been many major earthquakes till date, and we have learned a lot from post-earthquake studies coupled with field investigations, laboratory testing and physical and numerical modelling. Although many performance patterns and observations tend to repeat from one earthquake to
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3. SOIL CONSTITUENTS SELECTED
Wellingdon Island (W.I) soil and Bentonite are considered for the experimental program. The classification
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