International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 05 | May -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Literature Review of Dam Break Studies and Inundation Mapping Using Hydraulic Models and GIS Sunil Kumar1*, Anil Jaswal1, Ashish Pandey2, Nayan Sharma3 1Post
Gradutae Student, Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee Associate Professor, Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee 3Emeritus Professor, Indian Institute Of Technology Roorkee ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2
Abstract – In the present days, it is very much necessary to store water to fulfill the needs of human beings and for attenuating the flood to reduce inundation in the downstream reach of the river. It is also known that the damages caused by the dam failure incidents creates disaster in the vicinity area of downstream reach causing loss of human life and loss of properties to the tune of millions to billions. Hence dam break studies are to be carried out to study the behavior of the high flood generated from the dam break and to identify the area under inundation in this scenario. This will be useful in preparing emergency action plan for evacuation of human population and to minimize the loss of property. It is evident that the flood cannot be prevented but by adopting proper methods in evacuation, the losses can be minimized. In this paper various literature in the field of dam break studies carried out using various numerical models and inundation mapping using the results obtained from the numerical models are reviewed and some of the hydraulic models which are used for dam break study are also discussed.
In spite of many uses of the dams and reservoir, the disaster caused by the dam failure creates damages higher than the damages caused by the other disaster all together. Dam breaks can be described as partial or catastrophic failure leading to uncontrolled release of enormous flood to the downstream (Fread, 1993). Flood generated from the dam break is much higher than flood generated from the heavy precipitation. Causes for the dam break are seepage failure, failure due to overtopping, foundation failure, construction failures and failure due to bad quality materials. Failure of the dams may be gradual or instantaneous. Concrete dam generally fails by sudden failure due to overtopping and earthen dam fails due to erosion of material and piping action. The high flood created by the dam break travel downstream of the dam creating damage to life of human beings and properties along the reach of flood wave (Katopodes & Strelkoff, 2002; Sakkas & Strelkoff, 2007). Additional problems created by the extreme flooding are socio-civil conflicts, environmental problems and economic losses (Ghimire, et al., 2015; Li & Shi, 2015; Aerts & Botzen , 2011). Even though we have latest technologies in design methodologies and construction techniques, failure of dams still occurs. Study conducted on various failure of dams occurred in India and all over world indicated the hazard caused by the dam failures. Hence emphasis to be given on better management of the flood by preparing emergency action plan to minimize the hazards of the flood in the floodplain rather than prevention of the flood. It is necessary to analyse the behaviour flood before suggesting flood management measures, this can be done by analysing the flood based on the observed floods. Numerical models simulate the dam break and flood event based on the various parameters, hence numerical models are the very important tool to analyse the flood event.
Key Words: Dam break study, HEC-RAS, MIKE 11, MIKE 21, Inundation Mapping 1. INTRODUCTION Dams are the hydraulic structures constructed across the water to impound water in the upstream reservoir formed to supply water to irrigation, hydropower generation, domestic and industrial water supply, multipurpose reservoir serves as flood control and drought mitigation structures and storage place for arresting the sediment (Hurdowar-Castro, et al., 2007). Change in land use and interrupting activities of human beings in the upstream catchment area, larger volume of soil erosion takes place and deposits in reservoir. The amount of siltation is increasing every year resulting in reduction of useful life of reservoir and decrease in storage capacity and when the high flood occurs, there is no enough space to attenuate the approaching flood and excess flood overflow over dam section leading to dam breach scenario resulting in generation of massive amount of flood wave inundating downstream reaches of dam.
Š 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
2. LITERATURE REVIEW Dam break study is the concern of the dam engineers since long time to minimize the hazards of flood. Dam
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 55