International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
SOLID STATE ON LOAD TAP CHANGER FOR TRANSFORMER USING ARDUINO Vivek Thomas Chacko1, Mohamed Noufal P2, Nidhin Mohan P3, Sriram Vinod B4, Eldhose K A5 1,2,3,4Student,
Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Mar Athanasius College of Engineering, Kothamangalam 5Professor, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, Mar Athanasius college, Kerala, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------caused by the disturbances in power supply could be Abstract - The on-load tap changing (OLTC) regulators disastrous. Several methods have been suggested and have been widely used since the introduction of electrical energy. They ensure a good regulation of the output voltage in applied as the solution of these problems. One of the presence of large variations of the input voltage with typical methods is by employing an on-load power response time from several milli-seconds to several seconds. transformer with tap changing, where the output Earlier mechanical type of on load tap changers were into voltage of the power transformer remains constant practice. But they had considerable limitations and drawbacks irrespectively to the input voltage or variation of the like arcing, high maintenance, service costs and slow reaction load. The existing mechanical on-load tape changing times. In order to overcome these limitations and drawbacks power transformer has few disadvantages as it electronic (or solid-state) tap-changers were developed. The produces arcing, requires regular maintenance, service continuous growth of power semiconductor devices, such as costs, and slow reaction times [2]. With the use of high the insulated gate bipolar transistor (IGBT), Triac, Thyristor, power semiconductor devices such as Triac, IGBTs, has allowed the development of quick operating OLTC regulators. The major idea in the solid-state-assisted tap Thyristor, problems related with the mechanical onchanger is that solid-state switches with more controllability, load tap changing power transformer have been operates during the tap-changing process instead of eliminated. In order to overcome these limitations and mechanical switches which helps in reducing the arcing drawbacks, new circuits and configurations for tapphenomena during the tap-changing process. In this paper changers have been introduced. These may be implementation of a fast OLTC regulator is presented. The classified into two groups [4]. control strategy is Arduino-based, ensuring flexibility in A. Electronically assisted (or hybrid) on-load and programming the control algorithms. The experimental B. Fully electronic (or solid-state) tap-changers results demonstrate that the fast OLTC is able to correct The first circuit for the hybrid tap-changer was several disturbances of the ac mains besides, the long duration presented in 1996 [5]. This structure reduces the in variation in time is much lower than the one corresponding to the traditional regulators. arcing considerably. However, its major disadvantage is that although two thyristors are ON over short Key Words: On-load tap changer, voltage regulator, periods during the tap-changing process, it is static switch, Optocoupler, OLTC. permanently connected to the circuit of the deviation switches and it probably gets burnt. This may therefore 1. INTRODUCTION reduce the reliability of the system. Advantages of solid state tap changer include: The main application of a tap-changer regulator is to 1. Avoids arcing during tap changing. regulate the amplitude of the output voltage. The major 2. Less maintenance cost as compared to mechanical objective of the controller in the tap-changer system is tap-changer. to minimize the fluctuation of voltage amplitude with 3. Low cost. respect to the reference voltage of the regulation bus. 4. Fast operation as compared to mechanical OLTC. This bus should be far from the secondary of the transformer. The controller must regulate the voltage within a given range [1]. Power quality is also one of the most important thing these days. Both the power utilities and consumers are quite concerned with the quality of the power supply. This needs the supplies to be at its optimum value so that the cost is efficient; otherwise problems such as over voltage, under voltage, voltage swell, voltage sag, noise and harmonic Š 2017, IRJET
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