International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
FAR, Density and Impact on Urban Morphology Raj Kumar1 1Raj
Kumar, Assistant Professor, Accurate Institute of Architecture and Planning, Greater Noida, UP, India.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------Abstract as a formula: Floor Area Ratio= (Total Covered area on all the floor of This document contains examples of residential, mixed use, all buildings on a certain plot)/ (Area of the plot) commercial and industrial developments in any city of today. Because mixed-use development includes both The floor area ratio (FAR) can be used in zoning to limit residential and commercial development, that section offers the number of people that a building can hold instead of information on both measures. For your convenience, we controlling a building's external shape. have included locator maps to assist with the identification For example, if lot must adhere to a 0.10 FAR, then the of these properties. The examples in the residential section total area of all floors in all buildings on the lot must be no represent a range of densities. Residential density more than one-tenth the area of the parcel itself. (In other classifications are based on the Comprehensive Plan’s words, if the lot was 10,000 sq. ft, then the total floor area definition of density levels. The levels of density are of all floors in all buildings mustn't exceed 1,000 sq. ft.) arranged in this document according to the measure of Common exclusions to the total calculation of square gross density per site. footage for the purpose of floor area ratio (FAR) include The examples in the commercial and industrial sections unoccupied areas such as mechanical equipment floors, represent a wide range are organized by ascending Floor basements, stair towers, elevator shafts, and parking Area Ratios (FARs). We have provided aerial photographs garages. of the site, as well as the FAR It should be noted that no two projects are ever alike, even if the density or FAR are An architect can plan for either a single-story building identical. Buildings of equal FAR, for example, can have consuming the entire allowable area in one floor, or significant differences in appearance depending on the site, a multi-story building that rises higher above the plane of landscaping and architecture. The same is true of projects the land, but which must consequently result in a smaller with an equal number of dwelling units per acre. For that footprint than would a single-story building of the same reason, the example photos are supplemented by site plans total floor area. By combining the horizontal and vertical and aerial photos to help convey a sense of how these limits into a single figure, some flexibility is permitted buildings occupy their sites, relate to surrounding sites, and in building design, while achieving a hard limit on at least look and feel to the pedestrian on the street. Hopefully, they one measure of overall size. One advantage to fixing this help to relate these abstract numbers to real buildings. parameter, as opposed to others such as height, width, or And will try to clarify the relationship between FAR and the length, is that floor area correlates well with other DENSITY and some others aspects which are mentioned considerations relevant to zoning regulation, such as total above in the form of chapter. And again the impact on the parking that would be required for an office building, total urban morphology and some interlinked relation in terms number of units that might be available for residential of the form, social infrastructure, condition of the living use, total load on municipal services, etc. The amounts of people, physical infrastructural status and finally the these things tend to be constant for a given total floor economical value in all the four cases mentioned here. area, regardless of how that area is distributed Keywords FAR, Density, Urban Morphology, Planned, horizontally and vertically. Thus, many jurisdictions have Unplanned, Transformation, Infrastructure, found it unnecessary to include hard height limitations when using floor area ratio calculations. INTRODUCTION (VARIOUS DEFINITION) Thus as FSI 2.0 would indicate that the total floor area of a Some of the definition are as follow: building is two times the gross area of the plot on which it FAR: the floor area ratio (FAR) or floor space index (FSI) is constructed, as would be found in a multiple-story is the ratio of the total floor area of buildings on a certain building. location to the size of that location, or the limit imposed on such a ratio.
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