International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 04 | Apr -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Miniaturization of Microstrip Patch Antenna for Mobile Application Amit Rakholiya1, prof. Namrata Langhnoja2, Akash Dungrani3 1P.G.
student, Department of Communication System Engineering, L.D.C.E., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India Department of Communication System Engineering, L.D.C.E., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 3P.G. student, Department of Communication System Engineering, L.D.C.E., Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India 2Professor,
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Abstract – Fractal Geometry property is used in this
building blocks are scaled version of fractal shape. The application of fractals are such as image compression algorithm, whether prediction, integrated circuits, filter design and many more. Fractal electrodynamics is one of the major applications in which fractal geometry is combined with electromagnetic theory to explore radiation, propagation and scattering problems.
paper for the miniaturization of microstrip patch antenna. The unique space filling property of fractals is used to develop novel patch antenna at 1.575 GHz (L1 band) with significant reduced size than its conventional antenna. An inset fed antenna is taken as conventional base antenna. The fractal iteration of Sierpinski carpet in modified form is performed up to 3rd iteration. The antennas are designed using FEM (finite element method) HFSS 13.0 and Return Loss, Radiation Pattern, antenna gain and VSWR are demonstrated. Simulation results of Sierpinski carpet iterations and their comparison with the conventional base antenna shows size reduction of 31% in to 3rd iteration, without affecting antenna performances such as Return Loss, Impedance bandwidth and impedance matching.
From the different characteristics of the fractal, space filling property is the most important to design an antenna. Different scaled versions of the same copy can be understand by self-similarity and self-affinity property of fractals. Image is reduced by same factor in all directions in self-similarity while self-affinity has different scale factor in different directions. Another important property of fractals is space filling which makes electrically longer them in compact space [4]. It has been observed that self-similar or self-affine property of fractals is useful to design multiband frequency antenna and space-filling property of fractals is useful to design small antenna such as Sierpinski carpet.
Key Words: Fractal antenna, inset-fed, Sierpinski carpet, Miniaturization, Microstrip patch antenna
Fractal antennas can be designed in many different shapes like Sierpinski carpet, Sierpinski gasket, Minkowski loop and Koch island etc. various design shapes have been used to reduced size of antenna by using fractals on the patch antenna. Koch shaped fractal is used on the patch surface with RO4003 substrate to reduce size of antenna. A small size microstrip patch antenna is proposed by inserting Sierpinski carpet into a single patch and etching inner and outer edge according to Koch curve. The Koch island fractal boundary microstrip antenna has been numerically and experimentally analysed in to obtain considerable area reduction. The proposed antenna presents the application of fractal geometry to conventional antenna for optimization of its shape to reduce overall size of antenna. By using inset fed patch better impedance matching can be achieved. A simple space-filling fractal, modified Sierpinski carpet [5] with different iterations is etched on inset fed patch antenna to reduce the size than conventional antenna. .
1. INTRODUCTION Microstrip patch antenna (MPA) has become an integral part of wireless communication system because of their advantages such as low profile, light weight, available with planner and non-planner structure, simple and economical to manufacturer using modern printed circuit technology and integration with feed networks become easy. The increasing growth of wireless system requires miniaturized antenna. The conventional dimensions of MPA are around half wavelength and therefor, several miniaturization techniques are emerging to reduce these dimensions. The effective techniques to miniature antenna size are: use of high permittivity substrate [1], use of magnetic substrate [2], and increase in electrical length [3], and using shorting pins between patch and ground plane. Apart from these techniques and unlike Euclidean geometry is introduced in antenna designing for size reduction of patch antenna.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
The term fractal (broken or irregular segments) was originally introduced by French mathematician Mandelbrot. The complexity of nature is captured by fractals than Euclidean geometry. Fractals are made from multiple iterations of a single geometrical shape. The fundamental
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It is biggest challenge to antenna designers to make antenna with compact size and low cost with simple radiating element, good performance and easy fabrication which demands of today’s wireless systems. A modified Sierpinski
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