International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Non Invasive Glucose Measurement Using Raman Spectroscopy Akshara Subramanian1, Shreya Adap2, Shruti Chawale3, Sonali Singh4, Prathibha Sudhakaran5 1Student,
Dept. of Electronics And Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Maharashtra, India Dept. of Electronics And Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 3Student, Dept. of Electronics And Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 4Student, Dept. of Electronics And Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 5Professor, Dept. of Electronics And Telecommunication, Xavier Institute of Engineering, Maharashtra, India 2Student,
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Abstract - Diabetes mellitus is a serious metabolic disease
characterized by hyperglycemia which results from defects in insulin secretion. This causes major complications affecting the patient’s internal organs, eyesight and circulatory system. Thus continuous monitoring of blood sugar levels on regular basis becomes very essential for maintaining a proper lifestyle. The traditional methods of glucose measurements require blood samples which involves the use of an automatic lancing device on finger or on less sensitive areas, such as the upper arm, forearm, or thigh. This invasive method is liable to afflict a degree of pain and cause skin injury. The alternative to this traditional method involves non invasive optical measurement of glucose by focusing a beam of light onto the body. In this proposed research, Raman spectroscopy is used as the non invasive method for monitoring the concentrations of blood analytes. This method is based on irradiating the sample with a monochromatic source of light which is used to identify the composition of molecules of blood tissue matrix, including glucose and proves itself as one of the efficient methods of non invasive glucose measurements.
Key Words: Raman, Spectroscopy, non-invasive , glucose.
1.INTRODUCTION Glucose is a form of sugar produced when the body digests carbohydrates. Glucose is the body's major fuel for energy. Insulin is a hormone secreted by the pancreas. It is responsible for breaking glucose into an energy unit for the body to use. The absence or ineffectiveness of insulin causes the blood glucose level to increases. High blood glucose levels can lead to both short and long- term problems. Diabetes is the condition in which the body does not properly process food for use as energy .When one is diabetic, his body cannot produce enough insulin or cannot use its own insulin as well as it should. Due to which the level of sugar increases in the blood. Diabetes can cause serious health complications including heart disease, blindness, kidney failure, and lower-extremity amputations. At present, no cure is available for diabetes but if patients adhere strictly to a proper diet, exercise, medication, they are able to maintain their health, and Š 2017, IRJET
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indeed, lead relatively normal lives. The key to maintaining a proper life style is in frequent measurements of blood glucose. Recent research has proved that noninvasive techniques are the best way to measure glucose levels. Over the years, scientists have been trying to develop self-care measurement modalities for people with diabetes. The majority of these modalities require a blood sample. Some devices use automatic lancing device on a finger or on less sensitive area, such as the upper arm, forearm, or thigh. Other devices use a beam of light instead of a lancet to pierce the skin. The invasiveness of the testing procedure for diabetes plays a contributing role to the fact that nearly one- third of the population with diabetes goes undiagnosed. It is for this reason that a method for noninvasively monitoring glucose levels is highly desirable. Such a device will allow for more frequent and continuous glucose monitoring without the pain that is associated with the current commercial glucose monitors.
1.1 Literature Review The noninvasive measurement of blood glucose by any technique is inherently complex because of the wide range of potentially interfering components such as blood analytes. There are also other difficulties such as the variability and in homogeneity of human skin and the constantly changing human physiology. Noninvasive approach started with studying glucose molecules and the response and effect of glucose presence on optical, acoustic, photo-acoustic, chemical and electrical aspects. Electrical and chemical methods produce acceptable results but its effect on diabetics skin are reddening, irritation and minimal burns. Near Infrared Spectroscopy It is a spectroscopical methodology that uses the nearinfrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum from about 700 nm to 2500 nm. It relies on the measurements of transmitted or reflected light. The choice of NIR excitation for probing biological tissue is justified by three advantageous features: low-energy optical radiation, deep penetration, reduced background fluorescence, measuring signal has high energy compared with MIR spectroscopy. The complexity of background spectra arising from the ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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