International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Review on Massive MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) Nikhil Chauhan1, Dr. Kiran Parmar2 1P.G.
Student, Department of ECE, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad, India Professor, Adani Institute of Infrastructure Engineering, Gujarat, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Visiting
Abstract- This paper gives an overview of Massive MIMO
the propagation environment than in the point-to-point MIMO system because of multiuser diversity. As a result, MUMIMO has become an integral part of communications standards, like 802.11 (Wi-Fi), 802.16 (WiMAX), LTE, and is progressively being deployed throughout the globe. In the most of MIMO system implementations, the BS generally consists only a few (i.e., fewer than 10) antennas, according to that the improvement in spectral efficiency, while importance is still comparatively modest.
(Multiple Input Multiple Output). Massive MIMO (also known as large-scale antenna systems, hyper MIMO, full-dimension MIMO and hybrid MIMO) makes a clean break with current practice through the use of a large number of service antennas over active terminals and provide large network capacities in multi-user scenarios.The large number of antenna arrays can improve the spectral and energy efficiency of system as compared to single antenna system. Additional benefit of massive MIMO is that the cost of components is less as low power components are used. This technology renders different problems but it also solves many problems that are the need of time. This paper reviews about massive MIMO concept, description of system model, challenges and its benefits to wireless communication systems. Key Words: Massive MIMO, very-large MIMO, multiuser MIMO (MU-MIMO), BS- Base Station
1. INTRODUCTION Massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) is an emerging technology that scales up MIMO by orders of magnitude compared to the present state of the art. Multipleinput multiple-output (MIMO) technology is a topic of concern from the past twenty years because it is proved to be efficient in terms of reliability and capacity of the wireless systems.In massive MIMO, we take into account multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems [1] where base stations are equipped with a large number (say, tens to hundreds) of antennas. As a comparison, the LTE standard only allows for up to 8 antennas at the base station [2]. In this way, massive MIMO scales up conventional MIMO by an order or two in magnitude. Typically, a base station with a large number of antennas serves many single-antenna users within the same time-frequency resource.
Fig. 1. Illustration of Massive MU-MIMO systems [5]
Massive MIMO systems or large-scale antenna systems (LSAS) have been proposed in [3], [4], where every BS is provided with orders of magnitude more antennas, e.g., a hundred or more to realize additional dramatic gains as well as to simplify the required signal processing with recent efforts. A massive MU-MIMO network is depicted in Fig. 1. Asymptotic arguments supported random matrix theory [4] demonstrate that the result of uncorrelated noise and smallscale attenuation are eliminated, the number of users per cell are not dependent of the dimensions of the cell, and the required transmitted energy per bit vanishes as the number of antennas in a MIMO cell increases to infinity [5].
While initial work on the problem mainly focused on point-to-point MIMO systems where two devices with multiple antennas can communicate with one another, focus has been shifted in recent years to more practical multi-user MIMO (MU-MIMO) systems, where a base station (BS) with multiple antennas at the same time serves a group of single-antenna users and the multiplexing gain will be shared by all users. In this manner, expensive equipment is only needed on the BS side, and the user terminals can be comparatively low cost single-antenna devices. The performance of MU-MIMO systems is usually less sensitive to
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2. SYSTEM DESCRIPTION Consider massive MIMO and MU-MIMO technology in cellular systems, where a base station is equipped with tens to hundreds of antennas, and communicates with many users simultaneously through
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