International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
“A review on Impact of Solar Panels on Power Quality of Distribution Networks and Transformers” Tareque Ali Habeebuddin1, Prof. M.S. Potdar2, 1ME 2
(EPS) student, Department of Electrical Engineering, P.E.S. College of Engineering Aurangabad Associate Professor, Department of Electrical Engineering, P.E.S College of Engineering, Aurangabad
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - This paper presents an investigation on the
of solar energy produced in India is less than 1% of the total energy demand. The grid-interactive solar power as of December 2010 was merely 10 MW.
impact of solar panels (SPs) on the power quality of distribution networks and transformers. Both solar farms and residential rooftop SP are modeled with the distribution network according to Canadian Utility data. Total harmonic distortion of voltages and currents on both sides of the distribution transformer are monitored under different operation conditions. A laboratory setup employing a singlephase inverter and three-phase transformer is used to test system performance in the presence of phase unbalance and harmonics. Core and winding temperatures are measured under various loads. Simulation and experimentation results show that the performance of distribution networks and transformers under the impact of SPs is within standard limits. SOLAR photovoltaic (PV) energy is one of the most rapidly developing renewable sources. Solar cells are made of semiconductor materials which convert light energy of the sun into dc electricity. Therefore, the usage of inverters with solar panels (SP) becomes inevitable before solar power can be used by local loads or transmitted into the grid. SPs are normally installed in distribution networks, rather than the generation or transmission levels of power systems. Both small rooftop SP installations and large solar farms create voltage harmonics and inject current harmonics into the distribution network by the associated inverters. On the other hand, distribution transformer. Key Words: Power Quality, Solar Energy, Harmonics, Inverter, Distribution networks, distribution transformers, harmonics, solar panels (SPs). 1. INTRODUCTION. Government promotion of renewable energy sources has led to several large scale solar power plants in India. India receives solar energy in the region of 5 to 7 kWh/m2 for 300 to 330 days in a year. This energy is sufficient to set up 20 MW solar power plants per square kilometre land area. With about 300 clear, sunny days in a year, India's theoretical solar power reception, on only its land area, is about 5 Petawatthours per year (PWh/yr) (i.e. 5 trillion kWh/yr. or about 600 TW). The daily average solar energy incident over India varies from 4 to 7 kWh/m2 with about 1500–2000 sunshine hours per year (depending upon location), which is far more than current total energy consumption. For example, assuming the efficiency of PV modules were as low as 10%, this would still be a thousand times greater than the domestic electricity demand(in India) projected for 2015. The amount
© 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
Government-funded solar energy in India only accounted for approximately 6.4 MW-yr of power as of 2005. However, as of October 2009, India is currently ranked number one along with the United States in terms of installed solar power generation capacity. Renewable distributed generation units, if properly controlled and designed can improve the power flow management on the grid and reduce the probability of grid faults, so increasing the power quality of the energy supply. It’s important to evaluate also the possible drawbacks of the increasing number of renewable energy sources on the power-supply stability and quality, both in grid connected and stand-alone configurations, in order to prevent possible. Problems with a proper design and management of this generation. formers are subject to second-quadrant operation (i.e., when the active power flow is reversed) under light load conditions when SP operate at or close to full capacity. Although power system harmonics are known to be consequences of nonlinear loads, accurate measurement of voltage and current harmonics is quite tricky [1]. Tracking down harmonic sources is also challenging as well as effective filtering and mitigation techniques [2]. A few publications in the literature have considered the effects of SP on distribution networks. Impact of the SP at the Sydney Olympic Village on accommodating network is addressed in [3], where voltage and current total harmonic distortion (THD) remain within standard limits even if all SP operate simultaneously. In a weak network supplied by SP, the replacement of incandescent lamps by compact fluorescent lamps, for energy saving, increases voltage THD [4]. The initial THD of 3.14% can reach 10.15%, 22.2%, and 34% if 30%, 60%, and 90% of the lighting load is replaced, respectively. In [5], the effects of SP on power grids of two small Greek islands are studied and compared with the case of Diesel generator supplies. Although voltage THD with SP operation is higher than the Diesel generator case, yet, it remains under standard limits. With the combination of linear and nonlinear loads on a transformer, an expansion of the standard K-factor evaluates the composite harmonic
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
| Page 2609