International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Detection of Power Grid Synchronization Failure by Sensing Bad Voltage and Frequency Suraj Wadhai, Madhuri Wadekar, Shreya Junankar, Chandrashekhar Rathod, Vaibhav Hingane, Ankit A. Zade 12345B.E. 6Assistant
Dept. of Electrical Engineering, J.C.O.E.T, Maharashtra, India
Professor, Dept of Electrical Engineering, J.C.O.E.T, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - This project developed to minimize the power
grid synchronization failure and the main intention of this project is to detect the failure of power grid synchronization while sensing the voltage and frequency which are not in an acceptable range, and then stopping the power supply to the distribution system. The all the power generating unit such as thermal, hydro, wind, solar and so on connected to the power grid and all the unit follow the rules of the grid. According to the rules of the grid, these power generating units need to supply the power at permutable limits of the voltage and frequencies. Therefore, acceptable range of frequency and voltage is mandatory for the power grid. If any deviation from the acceptable limit of the grid it is mandatory that the same feeder should automatically get disconnected from the grid which by effect is termed as islanding. This prevents in large scale brown out or black out of the grid power. This system is based on the Atmega 16 family of microcontroller which monitor the under/over voltage and frequency of the grid by using the comparator based ZCD i.e. zero crossing detection circuit and display the deviation in frequency and voltage. The main frequency cannot be change, due to this we used a variable frequency generator frequency, whereas a standard variac is used to vary the input voltage to test the functioning of the project. Key Words: Grid, Synchronization, Islanding, Black out. 1.INTRODUCTION This project is based on the Atmega 16 family microcontroller. The system present the development of microcontroller based islanding detection for power generating unit connected to the power grid. If any kind of abnormalities on the constant working of power grid it get detected by set of comparator i.e. ZCD (Zero Crossing detection) circuit. The system used variable frequency generator using timer IC 555 for changing the frequency of supply while a standard variac used for changing supply voltage also observing test conditions by a lamp load being driven by relay driver IC ULN2003 from the microcontroller output as state above
deliver or provide to the load that are connected by transmission and distribution line. Also it is network of cables or pipes for distributing high voltage power. Grid is a centre of power transmission from that power is transmitted over all the area. In a synchronous grid all the generators are connected in parallel and run not only at same frequency but also at the same phase. Grid failure or power blackout is the total loss of power to an area. Blackout which result from or result in power station tripping are particularly difficult to recover quickly. Power outage or blackout may last from a few minute to a few week depending on the nature of blackout and configuration of electric network.
1.2 Concept of Synchronization Synchronization is the process of the closing the circuit breaker after matching the generator frequency, phase angle and voltage magnitude with grid frequency, phase angle and voltage magnitude respectively. The synchronization is not done in ac generator unless it is running at same frequency as that frequency of grid and the dc generator have to adjust its open circuit terminal voltage to synchronize with grid voltage.
1.3 Islanding
Islanding is an unsafe condition which occur on grid, in which extra feeding of power is done to grid from distributed generator unit, even though the utility of power from grid is down. Also when the islanding occur on grid feeder is get open to secure the grid from the blackout or grid failure.
2. Detection of Power Grid Failure The basic principle of this project is to detect the grid synchronization and sensing the voltage and frequency beyond range. The system is based on a microcontroller family. The microcontroller monitors the under/over voltage derived from a set of comparators and under/over frequency from by the interrupt program for the utility grid and the processed value of voltage and frequency for turning ON/OFF the relay between a grid connected inverter and the utility grid
1.1 Concept of Grid An Electric grid is a network which can consume synchronize power from distributed generation unit and Š 2017, IRJET
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