International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Water Quality Assessment of Kukkarahalli Lake Water Mysore, Karnataka, India M.Mamatha Assistant Professor, Department of Physics, Govt First Grade College, Gubbi, Tumkur District, Karnataka, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Lakes are important part of urban ecosystem
and play a vital role in maintaining ecological balance. Lake water is used for many purposes such as drinking, irrigation, domestic purposes, and industrial. But the polluted water generated by the industries and homes which are not properly treated gets cycled back into lakes, resulting in the pollution of lakes. Kukkarahalli Lake water is no more exception. The present study deals with the determination of water quality index on the basis of Weighted Arithmetic Index by studying various water quality parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity, Total hardness, Magnesium and Calcium ions, Total alkalinity, Total Dissolved Solids, etc. to assess the water quality for drinking and domestic purposes. Key Words: Alkalinity, Hardness, Kukkarahalli Lake, Standard methods, Water Quality Index
1.INTRODUCTION Lakes are a valuable source of water for drinking, domestic uses, agriculture, industries etc. Lakes are used for recreation, swimming, boating, and fishing etc. Lakes support and regulate the services of soil formation, groundwater recharge, biodiversity and flood protection. Lakes were preserved and protected to help the man kind during water crisis. Looking at the importance of lakes, Kukkarahalli lake was constructed by Mummadi Krishnaraja Wodeyar, (1794–1868) of the Mysore Dynasty in the year 1864, to provide water for irrigation for the land outside the city. This lake has seen the rise of great writers, poets and musicians doing their finest work on its shores [1]. It was also a big attraction to bird watchers. Due to increased sewage dumping, industrial wastes and excessive land encroachments have resulted into the blockage of water flow leading to the eutrophication of lake. This had an adverse effect on birds visiting the lake and their number is greatly reduced. Tourism, rapid urbanization and improper drainage system are now affecting the water quality of Kukkarahalli lake leading to the pollution and contamination of lake water. A new approach was made to assess water quality using WQI technique. WQI is mathematical equation incorporating the various physico – chemical parameters are highly reliable, convenient and are studied by various authors [2 - 14]. The present study deals with water quality © 2017, IRJET
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parameters and assessment of the water quality of Kukkarahalli lake water through WQI. Hence, this study will be a great help for the lake conservation authorities.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Samples were collected from Kukkarahalli Lake as per the standard procedures. The Physico – chemical parameters like pH, Electrical Conductivity, Alkalinity, Total dissolved solids, Calcium and Magnesium ions, Hardness were studied and analyzed. AR grade chemicals were used for analysis. Glass distilled water was used for the preparation of the reagents. pH and Electrical Conductivity were determined using Digital Systronics pH – meter and Systronics – Conductometer respectively. Temperature of the samples was recorded at their sampling points. Standards methods were used for the determination of various parameters [15]. The experimental results obtained were then compared with WHO and ISI standards [16] Table 1. Hardness, Calcium ions, magnesium ions, Total Dissolved solids and Alkalinity were expressed in mg/L and Electrical conductivity as μs/cm. Temperature was recorded in 0C.
3. WEIGHTED ARITHMETIC WATER QUALITY INDEX METHOD Water Quality Index is a simple and convenient method expresses the water quality according to the degree of purity. It is calculated by using the various physico – chemical parameters. This method is widely used by the scientist’s community and the calculation of WQI was made by using the following equation [17]: ∑ WiQi WQI = ───────── ∑ Wi Where, Qi = quality rating, Wi = Unit weight The quality rating scale (Qi) for each parameter is calculated by using the expression: (Vactual – Videal) Qi = ─────────── X 100 (Vstandard – Videal) Where, Vactual is estimated concentration of ith parameter in the analyzed water Videal is the ideal value of this parameter in pure water Videal = 0 (except pH =7.0 and DO = 14.6 mg/l) ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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