International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
EPILEPTIC SEIZURE DETECTION USING AN EEG SENSOR Prof. Sandhya Shinde1, Shradha Chavan2 1Assistant
Professor, E&TC, Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Engg, Management and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India. E&TC, Dr. D.Y Patil Institute of Engg, Management and Research, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
2Student,
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Abstract - Epilepsy is an inveterate neurological disorder which is
caused by unusual nerve cell activity in the brain and is characterized by consecutive unexpectedseizures. Precisely indentifyingandenumeratingthe seizures in patients with epilepsy is essential for diagnosis, selecting the treatment and estimating the effects of the therapy. Epilepsy detection done just by physically anatomizing a person’s body is a very arduous job. The brain involvespeculiar nervecellactivity whichcanbeanalyzedwiththehelp of an EEG sensor to detect epileptic seizure in a subject as it measures the voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current within the neurons of the brain. This paper presents an approach to analyze the brain signal using an EEG sensor and perform various signal processing techniques on it in MATLAB, detect its high frequency components by wavelet analysis and compare it withthe databasesignal todetectandclassifytheseizurewiththe help of SVM. Key Words: Epilepsy, EEG (Electroencephalogram), seizure, SVM classifier, DWT.
1. INTRODUCTION
The brain is one of the crucial organs of the human body. Epilepsy is a non-contagious, chronic neurological disorder of the cerebral nervous system (brain) that affects people of all ages with over 50 million patients worldwide. Globally, each year an estimated of about 2.4 million people are diagnosed with epilepsy [1]. The chronic peculiar bursts of electrical discharge in the brain causes a severe disorder of the cerebral nervous system resulting in recurrent, unprovoked epileptic seizures. During an epileptic seizure, the patient may be struck by numerous symptoms such as loss of consciousness, involuntary movements, uncontrollable twitching. Some epileptic seizures can be milder than the others, but even minor seizures can be perilous if occurred during activities like swimming or driving. The seizures are classified based on the part of the brain affected. Focal (partial) seizures and generalized seizures are the two main types of seizures, in a partial seizure the epileptic activity affects only one part of the brain whereas in a generalized seizure the entire brain is affected during the epileptic activity [2]. The classification of the epileptic seizure is as shown in Fig -1.
Fig -1: Classification of Epileptic Seizure. Also the exact type of seizure should be recognized for apt diagnosis. Prediction of epileptic seizures at an initial stage increases the effect of medication and more patients can be treated accordingly thus improving the quality of life of the patients. For the proper treatment, doctors need to know if and when the seizure occurs as many medical decisions depend on detailed information about the seizure type and its origin in the brain. EEG monitoring is the golden standard for the diagnosis of epilepsy, it aids in the appropriate classification and detection of the seizure. An EEG investigation provides the aforementioned information about the continuous unusual nerve cell activity in the brain and a detailed seizure characterization in order to resolve therapeutic options, particularly in the absence of a response to medication. During an EEG investigation, the physicians place electrodes on the scalp which sense and record the impulsive electrical motion taking place in your brain which is then examined to find unusual activity, which may signal epilepsy. The Fig-2 shows a typical EEG recording setup wherein the electrodes are placed on the scalp.
Epileptic seizures can be efficiently controlled by the use of appropriate medications but about 30% of the patients do not have seizure control at the proper time. Fig -2: EEG Electrodes placed on scalp. Š 2017, IRJET
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