International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review on Application of Chemical Additives in Soil Stabilization K. Saranya1, J. Jeevitha2, T. Varshini3 1Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India 3Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India 2Student,
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Soil Stabilization
Abstract – The use of chemical additives in various road
construction projects is in vogue in India. Soil stabilization is a method employed for improving the properties of a soil to enhance its index properties and engineering performance. With increasing scarcity of river sand, soil and natural aggregates across the country, there is a need to admix soil with alternate materials which are stable and economical. Mixing these artificially generated additives with existing soil type without completely removing and refilling with another can be an alternative stabilization technique compared to conventional cement mixing which is also highly expensive. In this paper, a review of the previous research studies carried out by various researchers on effective usage of chemical additives is presented. Key Words: Soil Stabilization, Chemical Additives, Index Properties, Engineering Performance, Road Construction
1.2 Purpose of Soil Stabilization
1.INTRODUCTION Soil is a naturally occurring material used for the construction of all except the surface layers of pavements which generally involves concrete and asphalt [1].The response of expansive soils in the form of swelling and shrinkage due to changes in water content is frequently expressed superficially as heaving and settlement of lightly loaded geotechnical structures such as pavements, railways, roadways, channel and reservoir linings [2]. The Mesopotamians and Romans discovered that it was possible to improved soil bases to carry traffic loads by mixing the weak soils with a stabilizing agent like pulverizing limestone or calcium. This was the first chemical stabilization of weak soils to improve their load carrying ability. In fact, a few sections of roadways built by the Romans are still in remarkably good condition 2000 years following their construction [3]. The selection of type and determination of the percentage of additive to be used is dependent upon the classification and the degree of improvement of the soil desired. There is a rapid increase in urbanization and industrialization in developing countries like India and this activity extremely demands to uplift nation’s economy and increase the living standards of people. Industrialization, on the other hand, has also caused serious problems relating to environmental pollution due to the disposal wastes in good cultivable land [4]. © 2017, IRJET
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Soil stabilization is the process of treating a soil in such a manner as to maintain, alter or improve the performance of the soil as a construction material. The need for economic construction of cement in soil stabilization arises from consideration in the cost of cement [5]. Soil stabilization is widely used in connection with road, pavement and foundation construction. Stabilized soils can also be used for airfields, traffic pavements and parking and storage areas where an all- weather surface is required. Throughout history, there have been a number of improvements in the equipment and technology employed for the material stabilization application. Methods of stabilization may be grouped under two main types a) Modification or improvement of a soil property of the existing soil without any admixture. b) Modification of the properties with the help of chemical additives [6].
Impact Factor value: 5.181
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Pavement design is based on the premise that specific levels of quality will be achieved for each soil layer in the pavement system. The main purpose of soil stabilization is to improve the strength of sub- bases, bases and in the case of low- cost roads, surface courses. It also plays an important role in improving the permeability characteristics of the subsoil and improve certain undesirable properties, such as excessive swelling or shrinkage, high plasticity and to increase the load- bearing capacity [7]. When it is desired to improve the strength and durability significantly, larger quantities of additive are used. After the additive has been mixed with the soil, spreading and compaction are achieved by conventional means.
2. CHEMICAL ADDITIVES Chemical additives are manufactured commercial products that, when added to the soil in the proper quantities, improve some engineering characteristics of the soil such as strength, texture, workability and plasticity [8].Additive stabilization is achieved by the addition of proper percentages of cement, lime, fly ash, bitumen, or combinations of these materials to the soil. When more than a single additive is selected, the first additive to be applied may be added in the dry state or as slurry. When added in the bulk state, it is not uncommon for the agent to be spread onto the surface of the material and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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