International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
DESIGN OF SINGLE PHASE AUTOMATIC POWER FACTOR CONTROLLER USING MICROCONTROLLER Vaibhav Yeole1, Shubham Dhurve2, Sanket Sure3, Ashvini Meshram4, Tushar Nawale5, Mr. Mohammad Ashar6
1Vaibhav
Yeole, Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India Dhurve, Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India 3Sanket Sure, Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India 4Tushar Nawale, Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India 5Ashvini Meshram, Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India 6Prof. Mohammad Ashar, Dept. of Electrical Engineering, S.B.J.I.T.M.R., Maharashtra, India 2Shubham
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Abstract - In the present scientific revolution, power is very
valuable. So we need to find out the cause of power loss and develop the system. Due to increase in use of inductive load, power system losses its efficiency. So we need to improve the power factor with a suitable method. Automatic power factor improvement device reads power factor from line voltage and line current by defining the delay in the arrival of the current signal with respect to voltage signal from the zero cross detector with high correctness by an internal timer. This time values are then calibrated as phase angle and consequential power factor. Then the microcontroller calculates the compensation necessity and consequently switches on to different capacitor banks. Automatic power factor improvement methods can be applied to the industries, power systems and also household to create them stable and due to that the system becomes steady and hence increases efficiency of the system. Key Words: Inductive Load, Power Factor, Zero Cross Detector, Microcontroller, Capacitor Bank.
1.INTRODUCTION “POWER FACTOR is the ratio of useful (true) power whose unit is KW to the total (apparent) power whose unit is KVA”. Automatic power factor controller project is planned to improve power factor automatically, whenever power factor falls below convinced level [4]. As we know that the requirement of electrical energy is increasing day by day, more and more inductive loads are increasing in industries as well as for household purpose [3]. Inductive loads are the main reason for low power factor in power system. There are more other problems occur if power factor is low [5]. They are A) Additional losses in feeder cables B) Important voltage drop C) Reduction of effective capacity of cables D)Voltage fall at the secondary of the transformer E) Losses in transformer
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The Automatic Power factor improvement device is a very helpful device for improving efficient transmission of active power. If the consumer connect inductive load, then the power factor lags, when the power factor goes below 0.95(lag) then the Electric supply company charge penalty to the consumer. So it is important to sustain the Power factor below with in a limit. Automatic Power factor improvement device reads the power factor from line voltage and line current, calculating the compensation requirement switch on different capacitor banks. This paper focuses on the implementation of power factor correction using microcontroller. Low power factor Includes needless burden on power system and transmission line. By improving power factor of power system automatically, power system efficiency can be better [1].
2. BLOCK DIAGRAM WITH DESCRIPTION Microcontroller base block diagram of automatic power factor improvement system shown in below figure 1. The input to the circuit is applied from the power supply. The AC input supply is step down by the transformer to 12V and is fed to a rectifier. The output obtained from the rectifier is a energetic pure DC voltage. The two sinusoidal waveforms are being transformed to pulses through two zero crossing detectors. These digital pulses are used by microcontroller to calculate phase difference and power factor.A capacitive load bank is used which develops an electric load, in this technique to improve power factor.
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