International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
REVIEW PAPER ON FRICTION STIR WELDING AND ITS IMPACT ON ENVIRONMENT ANITESH MUKHERJEE1,NIKUNJ VASANTBHAI PATEL2,KAILASH CHAND GURJAR3 123Student,Dept
of Mechanical engineering,SRM UNIVERSITY,Kattankulathur,Chennai,India.
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract: The comprehensive essay of knowledge that has
been documented with respect to the friction stir welding(FSW) of different alloys since the technique was invented in 1991 is reviewed on this paper. The friction stir welding is a rapidly growing welding technique in the manufacturing industries.A proper tool design with a process parameters is welded on work material can result in high quality welding. The materials that are suitable for friction stir welding are aluminium and its alloys, Magnesium alloys, Titanium and its alloys, copper alloys, Mild steel, Stainless steel, etc. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) is an important area of research in an optimization of the process parameters. The design of tool pin profile and tool shoulder diameter creates considerable variations on welded microstructure.Different process parameters are considered for the variations in the outcome of the weld materials to optimize the welding techniques. There are many areas where friction stir welding have its application like shipping and marine industries, Aerospace Industries, and land transport. It has established a large advantage over conventional welding method like arc welding process. . The Friction stir welding has many benefits as it gives high-quality welds; it is environmentfriendly and can be operated at low operational cost, etc. Key Words: Friction stir welding,Methodology,Process parameters
1. Introduction
Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid-state process of joining two objects below its critical temperature.FSW has expanded rapidly since technology was first invented & developed by TWI, The Welding Institute in the year 1991. The characteristic feature of the FSW is to join materials without reaching their fusion temperature of the materials [1]. Initially, FSW was applied on aluminium alloys as it welds easily due to the relatively low softening temperatures of the alloys. Magnesium alloys have unique properties such as low density and high strength to weight ratio have more significant potential to replace aluminium alloys in much structural application [2]. Further metals and alloys which were also suitable for the FSW process like aluminium and its alloy, copper and its alloys, lead, titanium and its alloys, magnesium alloys, zinc, plastics, mild steel, stainless steel, nickel alloys, etc. Researches have been carried out on many other similar and dissimilar metal alloys of aluminium, steel, magnesium and titanium plates of various grades for further Š 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
|
implications in manufacturing technology. This process is carried out with many considerations of process parameters and tool design for the better output. This technique has exhibited a greater advantage over traditional arc welding process. It has found application in many industries such as aerospace, automotive, railway, maritime, etc.FSW is most environmental friendly than traditional welding techniques like arc welding, fume welding etc 2. Principle of friction stir welding The basic principal of Friction stir welding is heating the metal to a temperature below re-crystallization temperature using Friction generated by the cylindrical shouldered tool on metal. This tool having characteristic profile pin, which is rotated and plunged into the joint area between two pieces of sheet or plate material. The parts have to be securely clamped using fixtures to prevent the joint faces from being forced apart[3]. The Frictional heat is produced between the wear-resistant welding tool and the workpieces, which causes the metals or alloys to soften without reaching the melting point.
Fig. 1 Schematic of principle of Friction stir weld The tool moves along the joint line[4] of the work materials as shown in fig. 1.The plasticized material gets transferred to the trailing edge of the tool pin and forged through intimate contact with the tool shoulder and pin profile. The cooling of the material leads to the creation of a solid phase bond between the clamped workpieces.
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 1481