International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Survey of Fault Tolerance Methods in Wireless Sensor Networks T.Gobinath1, A.Tamilarasi2 1
Assistant Professor Dept. of IT, Chettinad College of Engineering &Technology ,Karur 2 Professor & Head ,MCA , Kongu Engineering College , Erode
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - In Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN’s) fault to report arbitrary readings that do not transmit the reality tolerance is one of the most important critical issues. The of observed physical process to the Base Station (BS). difficulty of missing communication link, Node and data are Therefore, these faulty nodes should be recognized at the ineluctably foreordained in WSN’s and due to assorted factors correct time and removed from the data collection process such as power drain, environmental crash, radio interference, to assure the overall data quality. In large WSN’Ss asymmetric communication links, dislocation of sensor node environment, it is not possible for the BS to gather and and collision, network experience failure quandaries. Many aggregate data from each SN and detect faulty Sensor Nodes( that are able To attain higher data reliability, precision, SNs) in a centralized manner. Therefore, localized and energy preserving, network lifetime enhancement and distributed SN fault detection algorithms are highly minimize failure of components researchers have proposed preferred to detect faulty node in a large network. Faulty various fault tolerant mechanisms in WSN’s . This paper state node could not sense data correctly or monitor process a significant analysis of fault tolerance mechanisms in properly[18]. In a WSN’s, it is important to have continuous wireless sensor networks such as Mobile Agent(MA) and stable connectivity, when the SNs are being deployed in mechanisms, relay node mechanisms and Hand Over a part hazards area. WSN’S’s are restricted by the limited mechanisms to identify the strengths and importance of each battery power, constrained bandwidth, networks without one of these mechanisms. Collectively, this paper suggests fixed infrastructure and different types of harms such as some of future research directions that will be contributory for node failure, link or path failure, vulnerability to attack, etc. researchers who are working in Wireless sensor field. To tackle these kind of problems, there is a need for WSN’s to be self-configuring and self-organizing so as to improve Key Words: Mobile Agent, Fault Tolerance,Wireless performance, increase power efficiency, reduce data Sensor Networks,Optimization ,Networks. transmission and save network resources [19]. 1.1 Fault Tolerance 1. INTRODUCTION In recent times, the most active research field of networking is WSN’s . There are many applications proposed, where sensor nodes are able to sense the physical environment to perform data collection and mission monitoring. A WSN’s is a self-organized network and it consists of a group of small size, low powered Sensor Nodes with limited transmission range and sink node [12]. Homogeneous and Heterogeneous WSN’s are two types of Wireless Sensor Network . In homogeneous WSN’s, all the devices possess the common communication range and computing capability. In heterogeneous WSN’s, all Sensor Nodes have different capabilities like individual processing and computational power, various communication ranges and sensor types [13]. Threw singlehop or multi-hop wireless links sensor nodes work together with each other to accomplish data sensing, data processing and data communication [14]. Sensor nodes can be deployed in various fields like ground, air, vehicles, under water, on bodies, and inside buildings to achieve Monitoring task [15, 16]. Sensor nodes failed due to their deployment in hostile environments and unknown area[17]. Faulty nodes are likely © 2017, IRJET
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A Basic aspect in the design of WSN’s is to keep SNs active as long as possible. Failures are un avoidable but it is liable to be caused by situation out of the control of the designers [20]. Failure of sensor node may be caused by different reasons containing transmission link unsteadiness, environmental impact, failure of component, radio interference, disorder of SNs and battery weakening [21, 22]. In addition to sensor node, Base Station may fail due to different reasons such as hardware failure, software failure, external attacks and internal attacks [23, 24]. In heterogeneous WSN’s Relay Node (RN) concepts [25] or Super Node can withal fails due to failure of hardware, software failure, etc. [26]. Hence, it is resulting that the WSN’s as a whole should be able to fault tolerate. [15].For reliable data transmission, fault tolerance is a critical issue in WSN’s applications. It should establish that a system is presented for use during any interruption or in fault condition. Fault tolerance improves the availability, reliability and dependability on the wireless network system.
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