International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Rain Water Harvesting Shaikh Ajim1,Kadu Krishna2, 2Nedre Amol 3, Tupe Rushikesh4,Shinde Ashish5,Kale Shailesh6 1Guide,Ashok
Polytechnic, Shrirampur,Maharashtra,India Polytechnic, Shrirampur,Maharashtra,India
2,3,4,5,6Student,Ashok
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------surface i.e. about 71 % is covered by water. Out of total Abstract – Water is important for all life and used in many different ways, It is also a part of the bigger ecosystem in which the reproduction on which bio diversity depends. Fresh water scarcity is not limited to the arid climate regions only, but in areas with good supply the access of safe water is becoming critical Aspect. Lack of water is caused by low water storage capacity, low infiltration, larger inter annual and annual fluctuations of precipitation (due to monsoon rains) and high evaporation demand.
volume of water available on the surface of the earth 97 % is saline water, 2 % water is in the form of ice and glaciers and only 1 % is fresh and potable water. India is well endowed nations in the world in terms of average annual rainfall. It is unbelievable but it is true that Cherapunji which gets 11000 mm annual rainfall still suffers from serious drinking water shortage. Though India’s average annual rainfall is 1170 mm; in the deserts of western India it is as low as about 100 mm. Hence, it is necessary to opt for rainwater harvesting measures for completion of water requirement.
KEYWORDS : life, different ecosystem, reproduction, diversity, regions, critical, capacity, infiltration
Rainwater from the roof surface is drained through gutters into storage tanks. To prevent contamination and dust to flow into the storage tanks there is a provision of a hand movable gutter connection which can be manually moved to divert the water out. The rooftop is used as the collection device. Guttering generally made of PVC is used to transport the rainwater from the roof top to the storage tanks. Storage tanks may be either above or below the ground and should be properly covered. In apartments more than one storage tanks can be used and they can be interconnected through connecting pipes. The storage tanks should have provision of an adequate enclosure to minimize contamination from human, animal or other environmental contaminants. The end of the gutter, which connects the storage tank, should be attached with a filter to prevent any contaminants to get into the storage tank. It is also advisable to drain the first flow to get rid of the dust and contaminants from the roof top.
1.INTRODUCTION
Water is essential for all life and used in many different ways, It is also a part of the larger ecosystem in which the reproduction of the bio diversity depends. Fresh water scarcity is not limited to the arid climate regions only, but in areas with good supply the access of safe water is becoming critical problem. Lack of water is caused by low water storage capacity, low infiltration, larger inter annual and annual fluctuations of precipitation (due to monsoon rains) and high evaporation demand. The term water harvesting was probably used first by Geddes of the University of Sydney. He defined as the collection and storage of any form of water either runoff or creek flow for irrigation use. Meyer’s of USDA, USA has defined it as the practice of collecting water from an area treated to increase runoff from rainfall. Recently Currier, USA has defined it as the process of collecting natural precipitation from prepared watershed for beneficial use. Now a days water harvesting has become a general term for collecting and storing runoff water or creek flow, resulting from rain in soil profile and reservoirs both over surface /under surface. Previously this was used for arid and semi-arid areas, but recently their use has been extended to sub humid and humid regions too. In India water harvesting means utilizing the erratic monsoon rain for raising good crops in dry tracks and conserve the excess runoff water for drinking and for recharging purposes.
1.2 RAIN WATER HARVESTING AND RECHARGING GROUND WATER Water is the most important resource of the entire society as a whole, since no life is possible without water. As water, being a limited resource, its efficient use is basic to the survival of the ever increasing population of the world. In India, the ground water is mainly used for drinking and agricultural purposes. About 85% of drinking water is available through dug well, bore well, filter point and tube well etc. The per-capital availability of water at national level has reduced from about 5,177 m3 in the year 1951 to present level of 1,869 m3. In view of this, water management is very critical for the growth and development. economy, more so in a large country like India which is supplied with many large rivers, lakes and wells that need to be conserved, better managed, recharged and channelized for meeting the ever growing requirement of agriculture, industrial and
1.1 RAINWATER HARVESTING TECHNIQUES Water is our most precious natural resource and something that most of us take for granted. We are now highly becoming aware of the attention of water to our survival and its limited forward. The human beings require water for various purposes. The most part of the earth
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