International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 03 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Production and Characterization of Catalytically Cracked Biofuel in DI Diesel Engine M. Thirunavukkarasu1, C.G. Saravanan2, R. Ravindran1, C. Syed Aalam2, N. Rajamanickam3 1Department
of Automobile Engineering, Dr. Mahalingam College of Engg & Technology of Mechanical Engineering, Annamalai University 3Department of Mechanical Engineering, Government Polytechnic College 2Department
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Abstract - Biofuel, which is derived from
cultivate it fast due to the inadequacy of fossil fuels and its
triglycerides of vegetable oil by catalytic cracking, has the
harmful effect on nature [2-6]. Biofuels they are not only the
significant notice during the past decade as a renewable fuel,
best in nature but are easily existing fuels carried from
nontoxic and biodegradable. Several processes for biofuel fuel
renewable sources. In addition to their speedy growth, they
production have been developed, amongst which catalytic
are easy to cultivate and can make a higher yield of oil for
cracking gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their
biofuel production [7]. In a number of cases of biofuel
corresponding biofuel. In this paper, biofuel produced from
production, a catalyst also presents. Depends on the quantity
Jatropha vegetable oil through catalytic cracking using zeolite
and quality of the feed, either transesterification or catalytic
as catalyst. The properties of Jatropha biofuel were analyzed
cracking reactions are used for biofuel production [8]. Usual
using ASTM standard methods. From the tests it is clear that
feed stocks for biofuel production are soybean, jatropha,
the, properties of Jatropha biofuel are similar to diesel fuel.
cottonseed, canola, sunflower, palm seed and mustard seed
The properties of biofuel also analyzed using FTIR analysis
oil [9-12]. Waste oil and poultry fat also can be converted
method. The diesel engine was tested using derived biofuel and
into biofuel [13]. Vegetable oils may have a high amount of
its blends at constant speed of 1500 rpm. From the results, it
free fatty acid content, which tends to soap formation that
was clear that brake thermal efficiency of the engine slightly
has adverse effects on downstream processing and leads to
reduced and emissions like HC, CO and smoke were increased
fall in yield [14]. Catalytic cracking process is proficient to
when jatropha biofuel and its blends used as fuel.
crack the complex hydrocarbons to less complex structures [15]. The reaction is conducted at higher pressures and
Key Words: Catalytic cracking, Biofuel, Zeolite catalyst, Diesel engine, Characterization.
temperatures with the help of a catalyst, furthermore the
1. INTRODUCTION
diesel fuel, which is better to the oil produced by the trans-
The significant reduction in the petroleum fuels and consecutive raise in demand forced the humankind to find new alternatives which can fulfill the demand forecast and will be environmental friendly [1]. Many researches on environmental friendly and renewable fuel are growing rapidly and many scientists are paying special attention to Š 2017, IRJET
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quality and quantity of the biofuel is very nearer to that of esterification method [16]. The most common catalysts used in catalytic cracking are aluminium, Zeolite and red-mud [17]. When heat is applied a quick chemical reaction takes place and the complex structure of triglycerides split into a simple structure, producing low viscosity and low density biofuel [18]. Figure 1 shows the scheme diagram of thermal cracking process and treated procedure. ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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