International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 3 | Mar -2017
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
www.irjet.net
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Power Factor Control at Aba Control 33/11kV Injection Substation Using Auto Tuning Regulator #1Justine
Onwumere, #2Gordon Ononiwu, #3Damian Dike, #4 Ifeoma Onugha,#5Moses Adinfono
1,2,3,4,5Department
of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University of Technology, Owerri, Imo State, Nigeria ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract-Reactive Power Control, Voltage regulation and
quality power supply, electricity must be supplied with voltage characteristics within nominal values, and with a limited number of interruptions. System recovery from a disturbance should be quick enough to avert prolonged interruptions and system collapse. At light load conditions, the distribution transformer output voltage is set by the On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC). As the load increase, this voltage begins to drop further away from the transformer, as the load current interacts with the impedance of the supply system.
stability are very important for the efficient operation of the power system. This paper presents an auto- tuning regulator to enhance the performance of the Static Var Compensator at Aba Control 33/11kV Injection Substation. The controller was designed to adapt to operational dynamics of the substation, and promptly react to offset disturbances. Central Load compensation is used as it provides for more accurate and economical load compensation. The Autotuning regulator was designed using a Proportional – Integral – Derivative (PID) controller. It tunes automatically, following a deviation between the set and measured values. The power flow analysis of the substation was done using PSAT software. A compensation capacity of 15MVAr was implemented and the power factor was maintained at 0.96. The real and reactive power losses before compensation were 1.572p.u and 3.7525 respectively, but reduced to 0.1356p.u real power and 0.65237p.u reactive power after compensation. A less than 10% Voltage regulation was maintained across the buses.
The load type- resistive, capacitive or inductive affects the voltage profile of the network. Load across the distribution network are characteristically inductive, resulting in current lagging behind the voltage. This leads to an out of phase condition between the supply voltage and load current. The Total Power factor is actually a combination of Displacement and Distortion Power factors [3]. Poor power factor conditions result in severe power loss in the network, as the supplied power is not effectively used. Shunt Capacitors have been used to improve displacement power factor, and filters have been installed to reduce distortion power factor [4]. To avert long interruptions and the improve accuracy of reactive power compensation; the constant gain and static controller are replaced with adaptive controllers. This leads to increased compensation accuracy, faster response time, reduced signal overshoot and faster settling time. An Adaptive controller was proposed in [5]. This paper presents the outcome of its implementation at the Aba 33/11kV Injection Substation, for reactive power compensation, and power factor control.
Keywords: Power factor, PID Controller, Injection Substation, Auto–tuning, Regulator, Auto–tuning.
1. INTRODUCTION The power distribution System is characterized by loads which can be grouped as Residential, Commercial and Industrial Loads. The load and devices are mostly nonlinear, and as such, they injected harmonics into the system [1]. The distortion of current and/or voltage waveforms can lead to various power quality problems such as; poor power factor, low voltage profile, Voltage swells and sags [2]. Voltage level, frequency and waveform are the characteristics of electricity supply voltage. Although certain equipment can function when values deviate from the nominal range, efficiency and performance cannot be guaranteed. For equipment optimal performance, the voltage level, frequency and waveform must be within the nominal range [3]. Poor power quality can reduce the efficiency of connected equipment and increase the risk of damage. To ensure
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The Aba Control 33/11kV Injection substation, presented in Fig. 1, is a radial distribution substation having its feeders across a large area of the city of Aba. It is the major source of power supply within the city of Aba. It takes its supply from the Transmission Company of Nigeria (TCN), 132/33kV substation, and feds major areas of the city. The need for a stable and reliable power supply at the Aba Injection substation is very important, as power outages
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