International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 3 | Mar -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
DEVELOPMENT OF A SMALL-SCALE MEAT DRYER WITH AUTOMATED DUAL HEATING SYTEM ROGELIO B. PAGUNTALAN 1, VINYL HO OQUINO 2, HINSERMU ALEMAYEHU GARBABA 3 Professor –Dept. of Agricultural Engineering, Adama Science & Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia, Professor –Dept. of Electrical &Computer, Engineering, Adama Science & Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia 3Lecturer, Dept. of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Adama Science & Technology University, Adama, Ethiopia, 1
2Assistant
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------Abstract - A study aimed to develop a small-scale meat livestock population in Africa at the end of 20th century dryer with automated dual heating system was conducted [4]. On the other hand, Ethiopia has a yearly average daily to provide households and small-scale entrepreneurs with a radiation reaching the ground of about 5.26 kWh/m2 [5]. low-cost dryer to improve the quality of dried meat in In Afar region of the eastern Ethiopia, the yearly average Oromia Region, Ethiopia. The main components of the dryer daily radiation reaches 6.10 kWh/m2 [6].In spite of this were the solar collector with 5cm thick rock heat storage, abundance of solar energy, meat drying using ordinary drying cabinet, 1kw electric heater, 0.3W 12V DC suction sun drying is still prevalent in the country. This research fan, thermocouple temperature sensor and controller. It was was conducted to develop a meat dryer with automated designed to operate on solar energy and electric heating dual heating system suitable for small-scale operation systems at the same time during the day and on electric using locally available materials in the area. The heating system at night. This was done to maintain an technology is expected to address the needs of small average operating temperature of 65 oCfor continuous entrepreneurs and households to produce high quality operation. Results of the tests revealed that the dryer can dried meat and free from contamination. dry5kg of meat in 24hours. This shortens the drying time of meat from 4 to 5 days when ordinary sun drying is used. The 2. MATERIALS & METHODS dryer produced high quality and clean dried meat compared to ordinary sun drying which expose the meat to dusts and 2.1 Design Concept other contaminants. The recommended temperature for meat drying ranges from 60 to 65oC [7] or from 63 to 68oC [8]. In this study, the Key Words: solar collector, rock heat storage, prototype meat dryer was designed to operate at an thermocouple temperature sensor, temperature average temperature of 65oC continuously using solar and controller, automated dual heating system electric heating systems. The dryer used solar and electric heating systems at daytime, and electric heating system 1.INTRODUCTION alone at night. It was intended for household use and smallscale drying operation. Drying is one of the ways to preserve meat.Research showed that oven-drying and sun-drying increased the dry matter and protein contents of the dried meat compared to the fresh meat [1]. In Ethiopia, the absence of affordable dryer for small-scale operation is one of the problems in the area. Drying meat by ordinary sun drying will take4 to 5 days to occur [2]. This is done by hanging the meat strip on wooded sticks, wire or plastic rope in the open area. This method also exposes the meat to various contaminants such as dusts, flies and other elements. The resulting product is therefore of low quality and often contaminated. Presently, there are commercial dryers that are available for meat. However, these equipment are expensive and need to be imported. They are also beyond the financial capacity of poor households and small entrepreneurs in developing countries like Ethiopia.Ethiopia’s live animal exports are estimated at 2,323,500 [3]. Furthermore, the country hadthe highest
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The dryer used solar collector with rock heat storage, and electric heater. A thermocouple temperature sensor and controller were used to turn the electric heater on and off to maintain the desired mean operating temperature of 65oC. To increase the drying rate and effect a more uniform temperature, a suction fan was used. Figure 1 shows the simplified block diagram of the dryer’s heat control system. The main components of the prototype meat dryer were the solar heat collector with rock heat storage, electric heater, temperature sensor and controller, suction fan and drying cabinet (Figure 2).
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