International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
Volume: 04 Issue: 3 | Mar -2017
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Biodiesel as an Alternative Fuel Karan Bhandari1, Sujay Hammannvar2, Vishwas Vishwakarma3 1,2.3Department of Environment Engineering, K.I.T’s College of engineering, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India Abstract: Energy is a critical input for socio-economic development. Today when development is in the air and technology has reached its zenith, pollution walks side-by-side with development, most of which is due to emissions caused by combustion of fossil fuels. Biodiesel is one of the best ways to solve the problem as its combustion causes lesser CO X and NOX emissions. The main benefit of biodiesel is that it is carbon neutral. Also it is rapidly biodegradable and completely non-toxic. Biodiesel has a higher flash point than fossil diesel and so is safer even in the event of a crash. As a result, it has brought us to the era where biodiesel has to replace the conventional fuel party or wholly.The aim of this paper is to study the various options available for biodiesel production. The paper lists the various methodologies used for production of biodiesel out of which it focuses on biodiesel from algae, jatropha, mahua, and from used cooking oil. The paper also focuses on the usage, advantages and disadvantages of the various methodologies of biodiesel generation. Apart from this biodiesel has various other advantages such as it helps to clean oil spills, acts as a lubricant.
1. INTRODUCTION The problem of global warming seems to be a never ending one. This is mainly due to the emissions caused by excessive use of non-conventional fossil fuels. These fossil fuels are dwindling day by day and it is almost impossible to meet the ever-growing demands of fossil fuels. Many innovations and researches have been made to tackle this problem on a global scale viz. switching to conventional sources of energy such as solar, wind, tidal, nuclear energy etc. apart from these, there are many modern technologies and ideas which are coming up from all around the world, one of which is Biodiesel technology. Biodiesel is defined as monoalkyl esters of vegetable oil or animal fats obtained by transesterification process. [1] “Bio” represents its biological and renewable source in opposition to traditional petroleum based diesel fuel; “Diesel” refers to its usage in diesel or compression-ignition engines. Biodiesel fuel has received considerable attention in recent years as it is obtained from non-toxic, biodegradable and renewable resources and provides many environmental benefits due to the reduced emissions of toxic gases into the atmosphere. Biodiesel is used majorly in two ways; either in pure form i.e. (B100) or blended with petroleum diesel in any concentration (B20-consists of 20% biodiesel and 80% petroleum diesel, B80, etc.). The various methodologies of producing biodiesel are -: 1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) 7) 8)
Biodiesel from algae Biodiesel from Jatropha Biodiesel from oilseeds Biodiesel from used coffee grounds Biodiesel from used cooking oil Biodiesel from corn Biodiesel from sugarcane Biodiesel from vegetable oil and animal fats. 9) Biodiesel from Hemp.
2. BIODIESEL FROM ALGAE Algae are one of the most efficient biological producers of oil and they have higher photosynthesis efficiency which leads to increased carbon fixation process and higher production of diatomic oxygen. Most of the algae are found in wet and damp areas and hence can also be cultivated on non-agricultural lands leading to maximum land optimization.
© 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 509