International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Review on Automatic Power Factor Improvement of Induction Motor Mr. Nikhil P. Jampalwar1, Ms. Rutuja D. Kadu2, Ms. Reshama D. Garghate3, Prof. Mandar V. Pathak4 1DES’s
College of Engineering & Technology Dhamangaon (Rly), Amravati 2DES’s College of Engineering & Technology Dhamangaon (Rly), Amravati 3DES’s College of Engineering & Technology Dhamangaon (Rly), Amravati 4Assistant Professor, Dept. of electrical (E&p) Engineering, DES’s College of Engineering & Technology Dhamangaon (Rly), Maharashtra, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – The Purpose of this paper is designing a new
technique for power factor improvement of 3 phase induction motor and single phase induction motor. Improvement of power factor necessary to make as close as unity without facing penalty from electrical distributers. So that is requirement to improve power factor of induction motor, because it operate in lagging power factor. Automatic power factor improvement techniques can be applied to the industries, power factor mostly operate nearest to unity for systems to make them stable and efficiency of the system as well as the apparatus capacity increases. This is done by use of microcontroller to reduce the costs.
KeyWords: Induction Motor (IM), Programmable Logic Controller (PLC), microcontroller, Zero Crossing Detector (ZCD),
1. INTRODUCTION In the present generation, power factor has one of the most important and major issued. Any motor that operates on ac system t requires apparent power, but apparent power is addition of active power and reactive power. the load is consumed active power. Reactive power also importance for load, because reactive power is the power demanded by the load and returned to the power source. To specify power factor is the ratio between the useful powers whose unit is KW to the total power whose unit is KVA consumed by an electrical equipment or motor. Power factor is a measure of how effectively electrical power is used to perform a useful work. The ideal power factor is unity. If power factor is less than one it means that excess power is required to perform or achieve the actual work. The basic idea for Power factor correction of a motor, we have to connect a capacitor in parallel with the device which having low power factor. One of traditional method for power factor correction is static type compensation, in which static type capacitors are used for power factor correction. However in this case Care should be taken when applying power factor correction star/delta type control. Therefore capacitors should not subject to rapid on-off conditions.
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The Automatic Power factor Correction device is a very useful device for improving efficient transmission of active power. If the consumer connect inductive load, then the power factor lags, when the power factor goes below 0.97(lag). Then the Electric supply company charge penalty to the consumer. So it is essential to maintain the Power factor below with in a limit. Automatic Power factor correction device reads the power factor from line voltage and line current, calculating the compensation requirement switch on different capacitor banks.
A. Advantages of power factor improvement Advantages which can be achieved by employing proper power factor correction scheme are: a) Efficiency of induction motor increases due to Reduction of power consumption. b) Due to reduced power consumption there will be Less greenhouse gases c) Reduction of electricity bills d) Extra KVA available from the same existing supply e) Reduction of I²R losses in transformers and distribution
B. The Causes of Low Power Factor The usual cause of low power factor is due to inductive loads. The current in an inductive load lags behind the voltage. Therefore power factor is lagging. The important inductive load is responsible for low power factor are as follows: i) Low power factor is caused by inductive loads such as transformers, induction motors, generators and certain lighting ballasts. Three phase induction motor operate at a power factor of about 0.8 lagging at full load. At light loads this motor work at a very small power factor in order of 0.2 to 0.3 lagging. Single phase induction motor at power factor of about 0.6 (lag) ii) A transformer draws magnetizing current from the supply. At light loads, this current does not affect the power factor much but at light load the primary current power factor is low.
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