International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
A Review on Utilization of Copper Slag and Silica Fume in Geotechnical Engineering K. Saranya1, K. Rohini2, A. Naveena3 1Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India 3 Student, Department of Civil Engineering, Panimalar Engineering College, Chennai, India 2Student,
---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Copper Slag
Abstract – The use of industrial wastes in various
engineering projects has been trending in India. This is necessitated by the disposal problems associated with it. Copper slag and Silica fume are the most extensively used waste materials in the construction industry in recent times. Large quantities of these wastes are accumulated and dumped on costly land, causing wastage of good cultivable land. Mixing these wastes with existing soil type without completely removing and refilling with another soil type can be an alternative improvement technique to cement mixing and soil stabilization which are expensive. In this paper, a review of the previous research studies carried out by various researchers on effective usage of copper slag and silica fume is presented.
Copper slag (CS) is a waste product which comes out from the smelting of copper. The process of extracting copper slag varies according to the type of ore and the purity of the final product. The unwanted materials are physically or chemically removed to get proper concentration of slag. Copper ore is mixed with powdered coke and sand which is heated at a high temperature in blast furnace. The furnace consists of steel plates lined inside with fire clay bricks. Hot air is introduced from the tuyers near the base of the furnace. The upper layer consists of slag and is removed while the lower layer is called matte which is a mixture of cuprous sulphide and unchanged ferrous sulphide [1].
Key Words: Copper Slag, Silica Fume, Soil Stabilization, Waste Utilization, Properties
1.INTRODUCTION Soil is a naturally occurring material used for the construction of all except the surface layers of pavements which generally involves concrete and asphalt. Copper slag and silica fume are the industrial wastes with commercial value which improve some engineering characteristics of the soil such as strength, workability, texture and plasticity. The selection of type and determination of the percentage of additive to be used is dependent upon the classification and the degree of improvement in soil quality desired. Copper is one of the basic elements which is often used in construction and electrical industries. It is a by-product of copper extraction by smelting. The other waste which is highly used in soil stabilization is silica fume which is a very reactive pozzolan which is by-product of silicon and ferrosilicon alloy production. It is available in both wet or dry form. Soil containing silica fume can have very high strength and can be very durable. Silica fume and copper slag upon mixing with soil, can be used as an effective stabilizing agent for the improvement of problematic soils for use in sub-grades and sub-bases.
Š 2017, IRJET
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Fig-1: Copper slag The production of one ton of copper generates approximately 2-3 tonnes of copper slag. Utilization of copper slag in soil stabilization can solve a hazardous problem for environment. Copper slag is also widely accepted as embankment and structural fill material [2].
1.2 Silica Fume Silica fume consists primarily of amorphous (noncrystalline) silicon dioxide. It is produced in electric furnace. The raw materials are quartz, coal and woodchips. The ash that results from this process is collected and sold as silica fume. It is commonly used as a mineral admixture in concrete. It is grey coloured powder which is similar to Portland cement or flyash. After environmental concerns necessitated the collection and landfilling of silica fume, it became economically justified to use in various geotechnical applications. Flatwork containing silica fume concrete generally requires less finishing effort than conventional concrete. Silica fume concrete with low water content is resistant to penetration by chloride ions [3]. ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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