International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Finite Element Analysis of Connecting rod for Internal Combustion Engines: A Review 1Raj
kumar, 2Nishant Saxsena, 1Arvind Singh
1Department
of Mechanical Engineering
²Assistant Professor & Head of Mechanical Department Millennium Institute of Technology (MIT), Bhopal, M.P. (India) ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - Connecting rod connects the piston to
production methods used in the manufacture the connecting rods.
crankshaft and transfer follows a simple mechanism with the crankshaft that, it converts reciprocating motion into rotating motion. In modern automotive internal combustion engines, the connecting rods commonly known as ‘conrod’ are mostly made of steel and for motorsports industry; it is made up of aluminum alloy for more power and speed. In this paper, the study and research of various scholars have been studied and analyzed. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the problems and their solution generated from time to time with engine as mentioned by the scholars. It also provide the information about optimization and designing the connecting rod, various stresses to be considered while designing the connecting rod and different materials used and comparing their results in the CAE software’s like CATIA, AUTOCAD,PRO-E and ANSYS etc. This paper also represents the review on the developments made in the field of analysis, weight and cost reduction opportunities and better materials for connecting rod.
Forged connecting rods have been used for years and have a thick parting line along the length of the rod. They are always used in high-performance engines and are generally used in heavy-duty engines. The cost of cast rods is lower than that of forged rods, both in the initial casting and in the machining. Cast rods can be identified by a thin parting line along the length of the rod. Generally, the forging method produces lighter weight and stronger, but more expensive connecting rods. 2. LITERATURE REVIEWS The connecting rod is subjected to a complex state of loading. It undergoes high cyclic loads of the order of 108 to 109 cycles, which range from high compressive loads due to combustion, to high tensile loads due to inertia. Therefore, durability of this component is of critical importance. Due to these factors, the connecting rod has been the topic of research for different aspects such as production technology, materials, performance simulation, fatigue, etc. For the current study, it was necessary to investigate finite element modeling techniques, optimization techniques, developments in production technology, new materials, fatigue modeling, and manufacturing cost analysis. This brief literature survey reviews some of these aspects.
Key Words: Connecting rod, crankshaft, automobile engine, CAE, CATIA, AUTOCAD, PRO-E, ANSYS.
1. INTRODUCTION The connecting rod is a component of an IC engine which fulfill the two main requirements: (a) to link the piston with the crankshaft and (b) conversion of the straight motion of the piston into a rotational one for the crankshaft. It is highly dynamic loaded component used for power transmission in combustion engines. They must be capable of transmitting axial tensions, axial compressions, and bending stresses between piston and crankshaft. These forces are caused by the physical processes taking place in the cylinder together with the inertia forces of the crankshaft.
Webster et al. (1983)[1] performed three dimensional finite element analysis of a high-speed diesel engine connecting rod. For this analysis they used the maximum compressive load which was measured experimentally, and the maximum tensile load which is essentially the inertia load of the piston assembly mass. The load distributions on the piston pin end and crank end were determined experimentally. They modeled the connecting rod cap separately, and also modeled the bolt pretension using beam elements and multi point constraint equations.
It is the key part of Internal Combustion engine. The small end of the connecting rod reciprocates with the piston. The large end rotates with the crankpin. These dynamic motions make it desirable to keep the connecting rod as light as possible while still having a rigid beam section. Lightweight rods also reduce the total connecting rod material cost. There are different types of materials and
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Folgar et al. (1987)[2] developed a fiber FP/Metal matrix composite connecting rod with the aid of FEA, and loads obtained from kinematic analysis. Fatigue was not addressed at the design stage. However, prototypes were
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