International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Urban Carrying Capacity Assessment for metropolitan area: Case study of Patna City, Bihar, India Nitish Kumar Assistant Professor, Amity School of Architecture and Planning, Amity University Haryana, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract – Urban carrying capacity is an important tool to
identify the capacity of carrying populations in urban areas. There are numbers of studies dedicated to the broadest sense of the carrying capacity concept. As Urbanization and poverty is walking hand-in-hand in Bihar resulting Patna as a growth pole at the cost of its people. This boost in urbanization has led pressure on Patna which is directly or indirectly affecting the humane life of its citizens. It’s also affecting economic equity which is resulting in unbalanced development of the region. In this paper, urban carrying capacity has been estimated with the help of “SAFE” model, developed by IIT Guwahati. This study actually gives an idea how metropolitan cities are Under-pressure. Key Words: Urban carrying capacity, SAFE model, Demographic pressure
1. INTRODUCTION Urbanization in India was mainly caused after independence, due to adoption of mixed system of economy by the country which gave rise to the development of private sector. Urbanization is taking place at a faster rate in India. Population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4%. This count increased to 28.53% according to 2001 census, and crossing 30% as per 2011 census, standing at 31.16%. While rising urbanization is considered a necessary accompaniment of any developing society, Patna is likely to reach the dead end of development sooner than later, since the state's urbanization process has been moving at a pace far below the national average. Carrying capacity of an area refers to an extreme limit. This limit defines the population carrying capacity of the area. If this limit is crossed then the nature will react by imposing pressure to resist the abrupt growth and development of the people resulting into equilibrium. Patna, the historical city of PATLIPUTRA is faced with a myriad of problems: The city appears to have reached its carrying capacity The city appears to have in urgent need for satellite town to divert its pressure
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The city appears to have natural limitations to expand randomly As we are focusing metropolitan area only, this study shall pertain to Patna municipal corporation area only. This study is aimed to estimate the demographic pressure on Patna City using “Sustainable Accommodation through Feedback Evaluation (SAFE)” model. This model focuses on developable area, non-developable area, residential areas, FAR, etc.
2. CARRYING CAPACITY CONCEPT The concept of Carrying Capacity was spearheaded by Thomas Malthus in the year 1798. He anticipated that the earth can just hold a clear measure of human development for an unmistakable time. This concept holds a crucial position in determining the quality and state of an ecosystem with respect to the pressures meted by the demands of the dwelling population. It is basically an ecological concept that also embraces the socio-economic parameters.
Fig 1: Graph showing the relation between population rise & carrying capacity Carrying capacity is not fixed. It can increase or decrease marvelously. There are many elements that can impact the carrying capacity of a region. For example, the degree of resource utilization serves to be the essential element that influences the carrying capacity to a considerable measure. Furthermore, the utilization of innovation additionally impacts the carrying capacity, i.e. in the event that innovation is utilized as a part of a positive way than certainly the carrying capacity will get expanded complex or might be debased the other way around. Fig-1 demonstrates the plot of population development with time and different ways that the population can achieve the carrying capacity. ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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