International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Study on Geopolymer Concrete using GGBS Anusha1, Dheekshith K2 1Assistant
Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Srinivas School of Engineering, Mangaluru, Karnataka Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Srinivas School of Engineering, Mangaluru, Karnataka ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2
Abstract - In recent year man is facing a series of
of global warming (McCaffrey, 2002). The cement industry is responsible for about 6% of all CO2 emissions, because the production of one ton of Portland Cement emits approximately one ton of CO2 into the atmosphere (Davidovits, 1994c; McCaffrey, 2002).
interrelated problems like increasing population, rapidly degrading environment, depleting natural resources and high rate of demand for construction materials. So there is a need of alternative building material like geopolymer concrete to bring development economically, socially, environmentally. With increase in demand of concrete, more and more new methods and new materials are being developed for production of concrete. Sometimes certain additives are added to it to improve or alter some properties. A concrete using cement alone as a binder requires high paste volume, which often leads to excessive shrinkage and large evolution of heat of hydration, besides increased cost. With this view we have made an attempt is to replace cement by a mineral admixture, (i.e.), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in concrete mixes to overcome these problems. This paper presents the workability study of concrete with GGBS as a replacement material for cement without the addition of Super plasticizer. Concrete grades of M25 have been taken for the work. The mixes were designed using IS Code method. GGBS replacement adopted was 0% to 25% in steps of 5%. Slump test is conducted to check its workability. Effect of replacement of cement by GGBS at various percentages on its strength is compared with conventional concrete
Although the use of Portland Cement is still unavoidable until the foreseeable future, many efforts are being made in order to reduce the use of Portland cement in concrete. These efforts include the utilization of supplementary cementing materials such as Fly Ash, Silica Fume, Granulated Blast Furnace Slag, Rice-Husk Ash and Metakaolin, and finding alternative binders to Portland Cement. In this respect, the geopolymer technology proposed by Davidovits shows considerable promise for application in concrete industry as a binder alternative to the Portland Cement. In terms of reducing the global warming, the geopolymer technology could reduce the CO2 emission to the atmosphere caused by cement and aggregates industries by about 80% (Davidovits, 1994).
1.1 Objectives a) To evaluate the different strength properties of geopolymer concrete mixture with G.G.B.S replaced in percentage to cement. b) To study the gain of compressive strength with age. c) To study the plot of compressive strength V/S percentage variation of GGBS. d) To reduce the usage of ordinary Portland cement and to improve the usage of the other by product G.G.B.S (Slag).
Key Words: GGBS (Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag), Geopolymer, Compressive strength, Ordinary Portland cement
1. INTRODUCTION 1.2 Production and Composition of GGBS
1.1 General
The chemical composition of a slag varies considerably depending on the composition of the raw materials in the iron production process. Silicate and aluminates impurities from the ore and coke are combined in the blast furnace with a flux which lowers the viscosity of the slag. In the case of pig iron production the flux consists mostly of a mixture of limestone and forsterite or in some cases dolomite. In the blast furnace the slag floats on top of the iron and is decanted for separation. Slow cooling of slag melts results in an unreactive crystalline material consisting of an assemblage of Ca-Al-Mg silicates. To obtain a good slag reactivity or hydraulicity, the slag melt needs to be rapidly cooled or quenched below 800 °C in order to prevent the crystallization
Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials. It is usually associated with Portland cement as the main component. The demand for concrete as a construction material is on the rise. It is estimated that the production of cement has increased from about 1.5 billion tons in 1995 to 2.2 billion tons in 2010 (Malhotra, 1999). On the other hand, the climate change due to global warming, one of the greatest environmental issues has become a major concern during the last decade. The global warming is caused by the emission–– of greenhouse gases, such as CO2, to the atmosphere by human activities. Among the greenhouse gases, CO2 contributes about 65%
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