International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056
Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
“Various Parameter Effects on Friction Stir Welding” A Review Mohitkumar K. Kathrotiya1, Prof. Kaushal H. Bhavsar2 1ME
scholar, Mechanical Department, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, India Mechanical Department, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------2Profesor,
Abstract - Friction stir welding and friction stir spot welding are newly evolved solid state joining processes. These techniques are energy efficient, economical, better than conventional welding processes, and versatile. FSW and FSSW are promising and found to be the very important progression in metal joining area. In this review paper, the basic processes and their various parameters are included for understanding of the FSW and FSSW. While most of the information is related to Aluminium and magnesium alloys, important results are also available for other metal and alloys. At this scenario, technology advancement has growing faster and outpaced the fundamental need to just join the materials and their microstructural evolution. Key Words: Friction stir welding, Double-sided FSW, Aluminium alloy FSW, Welding parameters, FSW tool.
1. INTRODUCTION Many industrial fields, such as aerospace, ship building and auto-motive industries, have made effort for reducing the weight of body structure. Also recent increase in energy costs has been a major factor to drive the use of light weight alloys in the various industries. Many industries find advantage in using light weight alloys to increase the fuel efficiency and heighten the performance. In this regard, light weight design by substituting steel with Al or Mg alloys have been weighed as assuring initiatives. However, conventional method of fusion welding has suffered problems, such as low strength, a wide heat affected zone, hot cracking, high residual stress, alloy segregation, which bounds the utilize of the magnesium alloys. To overcome these drawbacks, friction stir welding (FSW) process can be used to weld metals like Al, Mg and/or its alloy.
surface of the specimen. With work piece thickness the height and diameter of the tool pin changes. The main parameter accountable for the generation of heat and incorporating the plasticized material in the weld zone is shoulder diameter, while pin mixes the material of the specimen to be welded, thus creating a joint. The process takes place at temperature below its melting point and joint is produced by the plastic deformation so problems occurring with fusion welding of Al alloy solidification shrinkage, solubility of gases etc. can be completely eliminated [6].The schematic illustration of FSW process is shown in the Fig.1. [1]. Unlike fusion welding, FSW has only few process parameters such as tool rotational speed, tool traverse feed, plunge depth, tool geometry etc. which can be easily controlled to produce the good weld [6]. Solid joint is produced as a result of this process. Because of different profile of tool geometry and features of the tool, the material movement around the pin can be quite complex [1]. During FSW, the material subjected to intense plastic deformation at high temperature, which afterward resulting in generation of the equiaxed and fine recrystallized grains [1]. Friction stir welding can be used for various types of joints such as lap joints, butt joints, fillet joints and T butt joints [1].
1.1 Working Principle: Friction stir welding (FSW) was devised at TWI in 1991, and subsequently patented [1]. FSW uses a traversing and rotating non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat and cause mechanical deformation at the joint [1]. In FSW process, because of the friction generated among the surface of the components or plates to be welded and the contact at the surface of the rotating tool the welded material is plasticized. The work piece is located above a backing plate for the support and is held rigidly to a fixture to extinguish any motion. The pin infiltrates into the work piece on the other hand the shoulder rubs on the top © 2017, IRJET
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Fig. - 1. Schematic illustration of FSW.
2. LITREATURE REVIEW 2.1 Welding Parameters Based Work: Karami et al. (2016) interpreted the effect of welding parameters on FSW. This literature work revealed that in FSW at lower rotational speed or higher welding speed due to low flow-ability of the material to be welded and ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
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