International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
www.irjet.net
e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
DIFFERENTIAL GAME APPROACH FOR THE ANALYSIS OF TWO AREA LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL S. Karthick1, M. Sangeetha2 PG student, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The Kavery Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India 2 Assistant Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, The Kavery Engineering College, Tamil Nadu, India 1
------------------------------------------------------------***----------------------------------------------------------------Abstract-In the traditional interconnected power
computation will be employed. Electric power systems are fundamentally reliant on control, communications, and computation to ensure stable, reliable, and efficient operation. Generators rely on governor and automatic voltage regulator to counter the effects of disturbances that continually affect power systems. At a higher level, energy management systems use supervisory control and data acquisition to collect data from expansive power systems and then use sophisticated analysis tools to ensure secure and economic operational conditions. Load Frequency Control (LFC) is a distributed closed-loop control scheme that optimally reschedules generator power set points to maintain frequency and tie-line flows at their specified values. With the development of renewable energy such as wind and solar power, power system must overcome a number of technical difficulties to deliver renewable energy in significant quantities. Control is one of the key technologies for accommodation of renewable energy into power systems.
systems, the LFC plays an important role, which constantly requires different Control Areas (CA) to share the regulation burden of the control area that lacks regulation capacity by providing the power supports via the tie-line. Such process results in extra regulation costs due to wear and tear of generating units which may result in unfairness and CA’s deviate from the LFC command. This situation becomes even more serious with the integration of intermittent renewable energy such as wind and solar power. The main objective of this paper is to control the load and frequency of the power system by using the Differential Game approach. In previous research, the PI controller with Genetic Algorithm (GA) was implemented. But the disadvantage associated with the GA is that it requires the repeated fitness function evolution for complex problem and also the stop criterion is not clear. In the proposed method, the Differential Game (DG) approach is implemented. Despite the challenge associated with the computational complexity, the DG theory is a powerful mathematical tool for solving the multiplayer multi objective optimization problems. With two-area LFC model, non-co-operative equilibrium solutions and two cooperative equilibrium solutions with different time consistency properties are derived. The proposed strategies are then applied to a two-area power system and compared with the traditional Proportional–Integral (PI) controller and optimal controller. The proposed method implemented in MATLAB/Simulink and maintains the stability of the system frequency by balancing the total generation and total loads.
A game-theoretic approach to cooperative control by highlighting the connection between cooperative control problems and potential games is proposed. A new class of games and enhanced existing learning algorithms is introduced to broaden the applicability of gametheoretic methods to cooperative control setting. The cooperative control of multiple agents under different communication scenarios is discussed. Cooperative control laws are proposed with the aid of suitable transformations and results from graph theory. Stable control laws robust to communication delays are also developed and studied. The different control trajectories are compared for the two area system.
Key Words: Differential Game (DG), Control Area (CA), Load Frequency Control (LFC), Cooperative Solution
2. LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL The power systems is the interconnection of more than one control areas through tie lines. The generators in a control area always vary their speed together (speed up or slow down) for maintenance of frequency and the relative power angles to the predefined values in both static and dynamic conditions. If there is any sudden
1. INTRODUCTION Electrical power systems are evolving toward the smart grids all over the world, which are generally regarded as the next-generation power grids. More and more advanced techniques of control, communications and
© 2017, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 5.181
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 1044