International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
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e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Investigation of Diesel Engine with Water Emulsifier - A Review Nikunj S Patel1, Maulik Modi2, Dr. Tushar M Patel3 1M.E
Scholar, Mechanical Department, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, India Professor, Mechanical Department, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, India 3Professor, Mechanical Department, LDRP-ITR, Gandhinagar, India
2Assistant
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Abstract - There is a large use of C.I engine with many
high cost [8]. There are four methods of introducing water into combustion zone. 1. Circulating the water into engine intake air 2.Injecting water droplet directly into combustion zone with separate injectors. 3. Mix the water and air in line prior to the injection (unstable emulsion). 4. Mixture of water and diesel as stable emulsion as a single phase [4]. Water in Diesel emulsion (W/D emulsion) is one of the methods to reduce the emissions from engine exhaust and improve performance of engine. W/D emulsion uses as fuel in C.I engine without any change in engine. [3]. Water in W/D emulsion is generally used for clean combustion. Presence of water reduces nitrogen oxides (NOx) and soot (PM) formation. Actually the water in diesel reduces the flame temperature hence it reduces NOx production [25].
advantages, they produce large amount of pollutants. Diesel engines are known as one of the biggest contributors to environmental problems caused by exhaust emissions and they are the reasons for health hazardous as well. Nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matters (PM) are the main pollutants from diesel engines. Researchers did many works on diesel engine to reduce emissions from exhaust of engine. W/D emulsion uses as alternative fuel and it decrease production of NOx and PM in CI engine. The W/D emulsion fuel contains water (range: 5-15%) and diesel fuel with proper surfactants, to make stable system. Due to vaporization of water there is reduction in combustion temperature so the production of NOx reduces. There is reduction in reaction rate. So it increase mixing time and so it has better time for proper mixing and it reduce production of NOx. Micro-explosion is known as second atomization which improves fuel combustion and reduces fuel consumption. By doing many experimental works we can optimize the water percentage and types of surfactants
2. PRINCIPLE OF WATER -IN-DIESL EMULSION When diesel and water mixed directly, diesel comes at top and water settles at bottom because diesel is lighter than the water [18]. Prof. B Hopkinson introduced the water in diesel emulsion in diesel engine for improvement of the thermal efficiency and minimizes the exhaust emissions of engines [24]. Emulsion fuel is mixture of two completely immiscible liquids which are not blend completely. In emulsion one substance is completely distributed throughout the other substance [1]. By using an appropriate surfactants (emulsifiers) we can bound these two together. Surfactant is the compound that lowers the tension between the two liquids which are immiscible. It bound them together to make a proper stable emulsion [18]. Surfactants are used to make kinetically stable W/D emulsion fuel. It depresses the tension between water and diesel molecules. Interface surface tension between two liquids, solids, and gases absorbed by the surfactants [23]. In water diesel emulsion, water mixes homogeneously with the diesel on volume basis. A surfactant is used to make stable emulsion. This W/D emulsion doesn't require any change in engine so it is very convenient fuel to use [24].
Key Words: Diesel engine, Water-diesel emulsion, NOx, Span-tween, Micro-explosion, Emissions
1. INTRODUCTION There are basically two types of Internal Combustion Engines (I.C Engine). One is Petrol engine (S.I Engine) and other is Diesel engine (C.I Engine). Diesel engine has a better efficiency, good durability, fuel economy, and power than the Petrol Engine. So Diesel engine mainly used in heavy duty applications. Diesel engine generally used in transporting, industrial, agricultural and power generating sector. Diesel engine has many advantages but it produce large amount of pollutants which is hazardous to the human health. [24] Diesel engine is a major source of black smoke, particulate matters (PM), sulphur oxide (SO2), carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon-monoxide (CO) [1]. Combustion of fossils fuels is the biggest contributor to the climate change representing 57% of the total greenhouse gases [2]. Researchers have to do two main tasks in developing I.C Engines. One is improving the efficiency of diesel engines and other is to reduce the emissions from engine. [4] EGR reduces the NOx but it increases the soot (PM) formation. Another method is enriching oxygen, it reduces the level of soot (PM) formation but on other hand it increases the production of NOx. We cannot use these both methods in combination because of
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Emulsions are basically classified into two types. One is water in oil emulsion and other is oil in water emulsion (figure 1). Water in diesel emulsion comes under the water in oil emulsion type [19]. In Water in oil emulsion there is continues phase of oil and water is uniformly distributed. In oil in water emulsion there is continues phase of water and oil is uniformly distributed through it.
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