International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 02 | Feb -2017
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p-ISSN: 2395-0072
Review paper on Fault analysis and its Limiting Techniques. Milap Akbari1, Hemal Chavda2, Jay Chitroda3, Neha Kothadiya4 Guided by: - Mr.Gaurang Patel5 (1234Parul Institute of Engineering &Technology, 5Sr.Engineer, TPEC) -----------------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
ABSTRACT The main aim of the power system is just provide the continuity of power supply to the consumers and that should be present in the power system anyhow. In this study, a comprehensive review on selection and role of the fault current limiting techniques. An important factor in selection of FCL scheme is the degree of reliability of supply expected during faults with minimum damage to equipment life and properties. The aspects which influence this decision are operational flexibility, system safety, reliability and cost. The role of FCL in the system is to limit the fault current without interrupting the continuity of the power supply.
KEYWORDS:-
Fault current limiter substation layout, conventional methods.
(FCL),
I. INTRODUCTION Power system is not static but changes during operation (switching on or off of generators and transmission lines) and during planning (addition of generators &transmission lines). Thus fault studies need to be routinely performed by utility engineers. The problem of the Fault current in the Power system increases day by day. Faults usually occur in a power system due to the insulation failure, flashover (Lightning strokes), physical damage and human error. Due to that power system affected and many problems occurs like unstable power system, discontinuity in power supply, Blackout, etc. Hence, it becomes one of the most serious problem in the power system. For limiting this fault current we studied various conventional methods and devices for it and try to reduce it as possible. The need for FCLs is driven by rising system fault current levels as energy demand increases and more distributed generation and clean energy sources, such as wind and solar, are added to an already overburdened system. So, we have to limit this abnormal current to save our power system from damage. FCLs are a new type of power equipment that protect power system equipment from excessive large
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mechanical, magnetic and thermal stresses that can occur. When an electrical fault creates a low impedance path across other power system. Equipment or to ground. The new functionality provided by FCL’s is even more critical as capacity increases to serve larger loads. This situation inherently adds to both system-wide and local fault current magnitudes. Due to that power systems ride through periodic faults to provide necessary capacity and functionality during periods of peak demand. To understand the requirement of limiting the fault current, let us consider a system and do the Fault analysis on that system. Consider that maximum fault current while choosing the Fault current limiting techniques. Generally LLL& LLLG faults are most severe occurs in the power system. so we will consider the value of that fault current while designing of bus bar system and selecting switchgear equipment or limiting techniques. II. OVERVIEW OF FAULT CURRENT LIMITING
TECHNIQUES
A fault current occurs due to the varies causes such as lightning stroke, downed power lines, or crossed power lines cause faults. During a fault, abnormal current flows through the system often resulting in a failure of one section of that system. There are different techniques to limit this fault current and some attributes which are to be taken into consideration while selecting the proper fault current limiting techniques. List of different current limiting techniques are as given below:1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6)
Multiple circuit up-gradation Bus splitting Construction of New lines/sub station High impedance transformer Series reactor FCL
The list of attributes that sho55uld be taken into account while selecting the fault limiting techniques.
Time Cost
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