(WELAN GUM).
Dr. M.G.L. Annaamalai1, V. Ramkumar2 , Dr. R. Prabhu3, Dr. N. Sharmiladevi4 , C. Ranjani4, M. Mugesh5
1 Head of the Department, Civil Engineering, VSA Group of Institutions, Tamil Nadu, India.
2 Assistant Professor, Civil Engineering, VSA Group of Institutions, Tamil Nadu, India.
3 Principal, VSA Group of Institutions, Tamil Nadu, India.
4 Head of the Department, Bio Medical, VSA Group of Institutions, Tamil Nadu, India.
5,6 Student, B.E. Civil Engineering, VSA Group of Institutions, Tamil Nadu, India. ***
ABSTRACT
Worldwide the average consumption of river sand for construction increases 40 billion tons annually as river sandisusedasaconventionalconstructionmaterial.The large scale of extraction lead to cause impact in marine andbiodiversity,sothereisanimmediateattentiontobe taken in construction industry to find an alternative construction material. The main objective of this investigation is to compare the strength parameter and behavior of fresh and hardened concrete with conventional concrete and copper slag incorporated concrete in various percentages as replacement of fine aggregate. Approximate 24.6 million tons of copper slag generated at every year of copper production in worldwide. Concrete is the most normally utilized structurematerialfordevelopmentanditexpendsnearly the all-out concrete substance creation on the planet. Ricehuskdebrisgivesgreatcompressivesolidaritytothe solid. It is a side-effect; henceforth, it helps in chopping down the ecological contamination. The thickness of cement containing rice husk debris is like the ordinary weightconcrete.Thepossibleuseandidealuseofcopper slag and Rice Husk Ash in the creation of cement. Test results on compressive quality, split rigidity, flexural quality and functionality of cement uncovered that the quality of cement following 28 days expanded individually subsequent to supplanting sand by copper slag. Imbuing copper with Rice Husk Ash expanded the qualities of cement separately when contrasted with ordinary copper slag solid blend. This research investigation the corrosion-inhibiting potential of Welan Gum(WG)forsteelreinforcementinconcreteexposedto sodium chloride (NaCl). Techniques such as electrochemicalimpedancespectroscopy(EIS).
KEY WORDS
Copper slag, Plasticizers, Welan Gum, Rice Husk Ash, Compressive strength, Tensile strength.
1.INTRODUCTION
OurcountrymostoftheConstructionactivitiesaremade with concrete, as it is easily available concrete is being used for all major construction like dams, towers, water tanks, houses, roadways, railways sleepers, offshore structures, brides, etc. In Concrete 25-40% of sand is used as fine aggregate, rapid increase of using conventional construction activities lead to acute shortage of construction materials. India demand comparatively greater cost ataround two or three times the cost of crusher. India has enormous growth in steel and copper industry. Copper slag which is produced during Pyro-metallurgical production of copper from copper ores contains material such as alumina, calcium oxide, silica etc. For every tonnage of metal produced about 2.2 tones slag is generated. Disposal of such huge quantity of slag cause both environmental and space problems.
Ricehuskdebris(RHA)fillersaregottenfromricehusks, which are typically seen as agrarian waste and an environmentalrisk.Ricehusk,whenexpendedinoutside thericeplant,yieldstwosortsofflotsamandjetsamthey can fill in as fillers in plastics materials. The rice paddy preparing adventures give the outcome rice husk. As a resultoftheextendingpaceofenvironmentaldefilement and the ideal of practicality factor have made utilizing rice husk. The clarifications for the use of rice husk as a possibilityforconcreteinstronggatheringareexplained in the going with zones. To have a fitting ideal on the introduction of rice husk in concrete, a point-by-point concentrate on its properties must be finished. Around 100milliontonsofricepaddymakereactionsaregotten the world over. They have a low mass thickness of 90 to 150kg/m3 . This results in a more vital estimation of dry volume. The rice husk itself has an unforgiving surface which is harsh in nature. These are therefore impenetrable to normal defilement. This would achieve
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unseemlyexpulsionissues.Amongalldarestoreusethis thing, cement, and strong gathering ventures are the oncewhocanusericehuskinaprevalent.
1.1 Advantages of Rice Husk ash
Rice Husk flotsam and jetsam invigorate extraordinarycompressive.
It is a reaction; along these lines, it helps in slashingdownthenaturaldefilement.
The high silica content makes it a not too bad significant cementations material or pozzolanic admixture.
The impervious microstructure of rice husk flotsam and jetsam solid gives better insurance from the sulfate attack, chloride passageway, andcarbonation,etc.
Rice body concrete has incredible shrinkage propertyandextendsthestrengthofconcrete.
1.2 Disadvantages of rice husk ash
By the use of rice husk garbage, concrete progressively gets unworkable. In this manner water-diminishing admixtures should be used to get workable concrete for the effortlessness ofcircumstanceandcompactionofconcrete.
1.3 Applications
UnrivaledConcrete
Greenconcrete,Solidifyingthefoundation
Washroomfloors
2.MATERIALS
2.1 Materials and properties
The constituent materials used in this study are given below:
2.2 Cement
The cement used was ordinary Portland cement of 53grade in accordance with IS: 12269-1987. The Cement shouldbefreshandofuniformconsistency. The cement should be stored under dry conditions and for as short durationaspossible.
Table-1: Properties of cement
2.3 Fineness Aggregate
Thesandpassingthrough4.75minsieveandretainedon 600um sieve, conforming to Zone III as per IS 383-1970 wasusedasfineaggregateinthepresentday.Thesandis freefromclay,siltandorganic impurities.Theaggregate was tested for its physical requirements such as gradation, fineness modulus, and specific gravity and bulk modulus in accordance with IS:2386-1963. Sieve analysisiscarriedoutandtheresultsareshown
Table -2: Properties of Fine Aggregate
2.4 Coarse Aggregates
Throughouttheinvestigation,amachinecrushedangular granite metal of 20mm nominal size from the local source is used as coarse aggregate. It is free from impuritiessuchasdust,clayparticlesandorganicmatter etc. The coarse aggregate is also tested for its various properties.
Table-3: Properties of Coarse Aggregate
2.5 Water
Water is an important ingredient of concrete as it actively participates in the chemical reaction with cement.Sinceithelpstoformthestrengthgivingcement gel, the quantity and quality of water is required to be looked into very carefully. Mixing water should not contain undesirable organic substance or inorganic constituents in excessive proportions. Analysis of water (LimitationsasperIS:456-2000)
2.6 Rice Husk Ash
Rice Husk Ash is an agricultural waste obtained from milling of rice. This is usually being thrown away to the landfill without further use, thus contribute to environment pollution. Rice Husk Ash is a by-product from the burning of Rish Husk under controlled temperature and burning time. In the present investigation Rice Husk Ash was partially replaced in Portland cement at various percentages to study
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compressive strengths and split tensile strengths. The physical properties and chemical composition of Rice HuskAsh.
Table-4: Physical Properties of Rice Husk Ash S.NO.
1
2
4 Color Grey
5 Minspecificsurfacearea 220m2/kg
6 Particleshape Spherical
7 Moisturecontents(%byweights) 2.13
2.7 Copper slag
Copperslagisanindividualbyproductmaterialproduce by copper smutting and refining processes. This has similar property of sand; hence copper slag can be replacedforfineaggregate
Table-5: Physical properties
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
3.1 Mix Proportions
Mixproportionsaredoneforthefollowingways
Table-6: Table of Mix Proportions
S.NO MIXES PROPORTIONS
1 MIX-1 0%RiceHuskAsh,gum&0% Copperslag
2 MIX-2 5%RiceHuskAsh,gum&5% Copperslag
3 MIX-3 10%RiceHuskAsh,gum &10%Copperslag
4 MIX-4 15%RiceHuskAsh,gum &15%Copperslag
5 MIX-5 20%RiceHuskAsh,gum& 20%Copperslag
5 MIX-6 30%RiceHuskAsh,gum& 30%Copperslag
3.2 Fresh Concrete
The tests of fresh concrete are Slump cone test, Compaction Factor, Vee Bee Consistency and Flow Table testforthisinvestigationandtheresultsareasfollows
Table-7: Workability Test Results
3.3 Hardened Concrete
The hardened concrete is tested after 7,14,28 days for compressive test, split tensile strength and Flexural strength and the dimensions are 150 mm cube, 150 x 300mmofcylinderand500x100x100mmwerecasted andtheresultareasfollows.
Table-8: Compression test
COMPERSSION
STRENGTH
(N/MM2)
Fig -1: COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH COMPARISION CHART
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Table-9: Split Tensile Strength test
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FLEXURAL STRENGTH (N/MM2)
SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH (N/MM2)
Table-10: Flexural Strength test
4. CONCLUSIONS
Experimental study was carried out to find the parameter such as strength, durability of concrete. The present investigation was to find the effectiveness of materials such as Rice Husk Ash and Copper slag partial replacement in concrete.
Compressive strength increases with increases of 12% of mixed materials.
The slight improvement in strength may be due toshape,sizeandsurface texture ofcopperslag aggregate, which provide better adhesion betweentheparticlesandcementmatrix.
By replacing fine aggregate with 30% of copper slag gives the strength 37.65%, 10% and 40% more than the reference with conventional concrete at 28 days for compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength respectively.
The partial replacement of cement with Rice Husk Ash and Natural aggregate with copper slag aggregate permits a gain of compressive, tensile and flexural strength concrete up to an optimumvalueofreplacement.
5.REFERENCE
1. IS: 10262-1982: Recommended guidelines for concrete mix design, Bureau of Indian Standards,NewDelhi-2004.
2. IS:2386-1963(Part-III). Methods of Test for aggregate for concrete Part III specific gravity,
FIG- 2: SPLIT TENSILE STRENGTH COMPARISION
FIG -3: FLEXURAL STRENGTH COMPARISION CHART
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN:2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 09 | Sep 2025 www.irjet.net p-ISSN:2395-0072
density, voids, absorption and bulking. Bureau ofIndiaStandard,NewDelhi-1963.
3. Balamurugan et al (2013) “Use of Quarry Dust to Replacing Sand in Concrete – An Experimental Study” International Journal of ResearchinEngineeringandTechnology.
4. IS:383-1970. Specification for coarse aggregate and fine aggregate from natural source for concrete.BureauofIndianStandards.
5. IS:455-1989. Portland Slag CementSpecification.BureauofIndianStandards.
6. IS:456-2000. Plain and Reinforced concretecode of practice (Fourth Revision). Bureau of IndianStandards.
7. IS:383-1970: Specification for coarse and fine aggregate New Delhi-1963. From Natural Sources for Concrete, Bureau of Indian Standards,NewDelhi-1970.
8. Hemant Kumar et all (2016), “Assessment of Influence on Compression Strength of M20 Concrete by replacing Copper Slag as Fine Aggregate” Internation Research journal of EngineeringandTechnology.
9. Chianand Soudi et al (2015), “Assessment of Mechanical and Durability Characteristics of Concrete containing Copper Slag as a Replacement of Fine Aggregate” international Research Journal of Engineering and technology
10. Binaya Patnaik et al (2014),” Strength and Durability Properties of Copper slag Admixed Concrete” International Journal of Science and ResearchPublications.