International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 07 | Jul 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Design and Development of Hybrid Storage Energy Management in Solar PV Systems Nithish N1, S G Srivani2 1PG Student, Electrical and Electronics, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India 2Professor and Head of the dept., Electrical and Electronics, RV College of Engineering, Bengaluru, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - In recent years, the increasing demand for
offer fast dynamic response and high power density, making them suitable for managing short-term load variations, though their energy density is comparatively lower. Therefore, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) that combines batteries and supercapacitors is proposed as an effective solution for enhanced energy reliability and system flexibility [1]. Recent studies have highlighted the benefits of hybrid storage configurations in improving voltage regulation, reducing power losses, and ensuring fast transient response. The use of a boost converter helps to extract maximum power from the PV panel through MPPT control, while a bidirectional DC-DC converter enables efficient energy exchange between the storage units and the DC link. MATLAB/Simulink-based modeling and analysis have been extensively used to simulate hybrid systems and verify their dynamic performance under varying solar and load conditions [2]. The integration of an energy management controller (EMC) plays a key role in optimizing energy flow by monitoring real-time parameters such as state of charge (SOC), load demand, and PV output. This strategy enables intelligent switching between storage elements and enhances system performance. Research also supports the scalability of such architectures for higher-capacity or microgrid-level applications, and ongoing improvements in storage technology and control algorithms continue to expand the potential of hybrid energy systems [3]. The hybrid system not only extends the lifecycle of batteries by offloading fast dynamics to the supercapacitor, but also ensures minimal ripple in the output voltage, enhancing load compatibility. During periods of high solar irradiance, the excess energy is stored efficiently, while in low generation scenarios, stored energy is dispatched to maintain load supply [4]. This dual storage method supports both steady-state and transient load demands without compromising efficiency. The EMC ensures smooth coordination between the PV source, battery, and supercapacitor based on system priorities and conditions. Power sharing is dynamically adjusted to reduce stress on components, ultimately increasing reliability [5]. Such systems are particularly beneficial for off-grid and remote applications where grid access is unavailable or unreliable [3][4]. Overall, the hybrid configuration offers a sustainable, stable, and smart approach to renewable
clean and reliable energy has accelerated the integration of renewable sources like solar photovoltaic (PV) systems into modern power networks. However, the intermittent nature of solar energy necessitates an efficient energy storage strategy to ensure stable and continuous power delivery. This paper presents a hybrid energy management system that combines a battery and a supercapacitor to enhance energy storage performance in solar PV systems. A boost converter is employed to regulate the output of the PV panel, while a bidirectional DC-DC converter facilitates twoway energy flow between the storage units and the DC bus. The proposed system is modeled and simulated using MATLAB/Simulink to validate the energy flow control strategy and system behavior under varying load and solar conditions. Intelligent energy management is achieved based on real-time load demand and state of charge (SOC) levels, ensuring optimal utilization of both storage elements. The battery supports long-duration energy supply, while the supercapacitor addresses short-term, high-power fluctuations. Simulation results confirm the system's ability to maintain a stable DC link voltage and deliver a consistent 500 W output to the load. The architecture is scalable, efficient, and suitable for standalone or off-grid solar energy applications. Key Words: Hybrid energy storage system, Solar PV, Battery, Supercapacitor, MATLAB/Simulink, Boost converter, Bidirectional DC-DC converter, State of Charge (SOC), Energy management Controller.
1. INTRODUCTION Solar photovoltaic (PV) systems are rapidly gaining popularity due to their sustainability, low environmental impact, and declining installation costs. However, the unpredictable nature of solar energy caused by varying irradiance and weather conditions leads to instability in energy output, making standalone solar systems insufficient for reliable power delivery. To overcome this limitation, energy storage systems have been integrated into PV systems to stabilize power supply and ensure energy availability during low-sunlight conditions. Conventional battery systems can store energy efficiently, but they suffer from reduced lifespan when exposed to frequent and sudden power fluctuations. Supercapacitors
© 2025, IRJET
|
Impact Factor value: 8.315
|
ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal
|
Page 813