International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)
e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 12 Issue: 05 | May 2025
p-ISSN: 2395-0072
www.irjet.net
Conceptual Design and Construction of an Electric Unicycle Sanapathi Srikeerthana1*, Sharanya Giri2, Yash Ingle3, Dr. Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni4 1,2,3Students, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Maharashtra -
412101, India
4Faculty, School of Mechatronics Engineering, Symbiosis Skills and Professional University, Maharashtra - 412101,
India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------1.1 Present Design of Electric Unicycles Abstract - This paper explores the design and environmental sustainability of electric unicycles (EUCs) as a viable alternative to conventional fuel-based modes of transportation. By analyzing the carbon emissions associated with such vehicles and substituting a portion of daily commutes with EUCs can lead to substantial reductions in greenhouse gas emissions. The study underscores the potential of electric unicycles to contribute to cleaner urban environments and promote sustainable transportation practices. Additionally, the conceptual design as well as constructional features of an EUC are discussed.
Modern electric unicycles are designed with the latest engineering and ergonomic considerations to ensure performance, safety, and comfort for the rider. Common designs include: Compact Body: The body is sleek and lightweight, designed for portability. Materials such as polycarbonate and aluminum alloys are used to reduce weight while ensuring durability. Gyroscopic Stabilization: Gyroscopic sensors and accelerometers work in tandem to adjust balance dynamically, enabling smooth rides even on uneven surfaces.
Key Words: EUC (Electric Unicycle), ESC (Electronic Speed Controller), IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit), GHG (Green House Gas).
Motor and Battery: High-performance brushless motors provide torque and speed, while lithium-ion batteries offer extended range and shorter charging times.
1.INTRODUCTION Electric unicycles are a type of self-balancing personal transportation device that has been gaining popularity because of the advancements in electric mobility. A single wheel housed within a compact frame is powered by an electric motor and controlled by gyroscopic stabilization technology. The rider balances the device by leaning forward and backward, with the automatic adjustment of the device's speed and direction in response to retaining the balance. Electric unicycles, initially viewed as a novelty, have grown into a convenient mode of transportation for urban commuters, fitness enthusiasts, and recreational users.
Control Mechanisms: Riders use footpads for input, tilting them forward or backward to accelerate or decelerate. Advanced models also feature smartphone apps for customization and diagnostics. Safety Features: Anti-slip footpads, LED lighting, and integrated braking systems enhance rider safety. For example, models such as the InMotion V12 and KingSong S22 Pro represent the cutting edge of EUC technology, offering regenerative braking and app-based customization.
The main components of a portable EUC comprise a brushless DC motor, rechargeable lithium-ion battery, gyroscopic sensors, accelerometers, and a microcontroller for processing inputs to ultimately regulate balance. These modern unicycles are available for commuting on various types of terrains and are fitted with all-terrain tires, enhanced suspension systems, and weatherproofing. A range of users is catered to through these devices, with speeds from 20 km/h to over 50 km/h and some having a range of more than 100 km.
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Following are some of the advantages of Electric Unicycles: 1. Eco-friendly: Electric, zero-emission means a cleaner urban transportation model. 2. Compact and portable: Small size, lightweight, making it easy to carry and store in tight spaces, even in urban areas. 3. Cost-effective: EUCs require relatively lower operating and maintenance costs compared to traditional vehicles. 4. Energy Efficiency: Electric unicycles consume minimal energy, hence an energy-efficient alternative for short to medium distance travel.
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