Issuu

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET)

e-ISSN: 2395-0056

Volume: 12 Issue: 06 | Jun 2025

p-ISSN: 2395-0072

www.irjet.net

Comparative Study of Serverless Computing and Virtual Machines in Cloud Environments Isha Srivastava1, Deepshikha2 1Master of Technology, Computer Science and Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology, Lucknow, India 2Assistant Professor, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Lucknow Institute of Technology,

Lucknow, India ---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------

Abstract - Cloud computing has changed the deployment

infrastructures, there have been two notable paradigms that have arisen, which are the Virtual Machines (VMs) and Serverless Computing. Although they have the shared goal of providing compute in a cloud environment, the architecture of the two, their working model, and even how they can be used in different environments are incredibly different. The study investigates these variations by developing a comparative study to provide an opportunity through which the organizations can make the right decision with regard to the choice of deployment model.

and management of applications, two other paradigms are now becoming very popular, serverless computing and virtual machines (VMs). Serverless computing provides event-oriented and scalable and cost-effective execution environments in which program developers do not have to deal with infrastructure. On the other hand, the virtual machines offer enhanced control, isolation and congruence with old systems and steady workloads. The current research paper undertakes a comparative analysis of the serverless computing and virtual machines in the public cloud setting concerning performance, scalability, and costefficiency based on the experimental analysis and case studies methodologies.

1.1 Background 1.1.1 Evolution of Cloud Computing

AWS Lambda, Azure Functions and Azure VM were created on which controlled experiments were executed that simulated CPU-bound, memory-bound and workloads with I/O bound on them. Performance metrics which are of key importance like response time, throughput, latency, and resources utilisation were analyzed. The findings indicate that serverless is more efficient in dynamic scaling and costeffective when it comes to short-lived event-based workloads, whereas, it has a latency issue of cold start and limited concurrency. VMs on the other hand provide more consistent performance and few configurability with greater idle costs and slower scaling.

The concept of computing as a utility was created as far back as the 1960s however, up until early 2000s it was not commercially feasible and only with the advent of cloud computing did it soon become the equivalent. AWS is seen to have originated in 2006 with the introduction of the Amazon Web Services (AWS) platform which comprised Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) and Simple Storage Service (S3) which initiated the Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS). This was then followed by the coming up of Platform as well as Software as a Service (PaaS) and Software as a Service (SaaS) which changed the way businesses accessed as well as used IT resources.

These results are also supported by case studies in such spheres as IoT, e-commerce, and healthcare. Guidelines to deployment and a decision matrix in order to assist the organisations in selecting the apt paradigm depending on the workload nature are provided to conclude the study. The study provides excellent knowledge on the optimization of cloud approaches in terms of performance and costs. Key Words: Serverless Computing, Virtual Machines, Cloud Scalability, Cost Efficiency, Performance Metrics, Cloud Architecture, Comparative Analysis.

1. INTRODUCTION Cloud computing has turned out to be a revolution to the provisioning, managing, and consuming of easier computing resources in the organizations. As we have been becoming dependent on the use of cloud-based

Impact Factor value: 8.315

Figure-1: Evolution of Cloud Computing

ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal

Page 567